1.6

Created by

Harmony

Cards (60)

What is prosopagnosia commonly known as? 
Face blindness
What are the basic concepts of sensation and perception?
Sensation: Processing sensory information through sensory receptors.
Perception: Organizing and interpreting sensory input.
What are sensory receptors? 
Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli
How does bottom-up processing work? 
It detects lines, angles, and colors to form images
What is top-down processing? 
Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
What is transduction in the context of sensation? 
Conversion of one form of energy into another
What does psychophysics study? 
The relationships between physical energy and psychological experiences
What is the absolute threshold? 
The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time
What is signal detection theory? 
A theory predicting how and when we detect faint stimuli
What is a subliminal stimulus? 
A stimulus below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness
What is the difference threshold? 
The minimum stimulus difference a person can detect half the time
What does Weber’s law state? 
Two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage to perceive a difference
What is sensory adaptation? 
Reduced sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
How does sensory adaptation benefit us? 
It allows us to focus on informative changes in our environment
How does sensory adaptation influence emotion perception? 
It reduces responsiveness to static facial expressions
What is the role of the cornea in vision? 
It is the eye's clear, protective outer layer that helps bend light
What does the iris do? 
It controls the size of the pupil in response to light intensity
What is the function of the lens in the eye? 
To focus light rays into an image on the retina
What is accommodation in vision? 
The process by which the lens changes curvature and thickness to focus light
What is myopia? 
Nearsightedness, where distant objects are seen better than near objects
How does the optic nerve function? 
It carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
What is the role of rods in vision? 
They enable black-and-white vision and are sensitive in dim light
What is the function of cones in the retina? 
They are sensitive to detail and color
What is the Young–Helmholtz trichromatic theory? 
It states that the retina contains three types of color receptors sensitive to red, green, and blue
What is color-deficient vision? 
It is when individuals lack functioning red- or green-sensitive cones
What does the opponent-process theory explain? 
Color vision depends on three sets of opposing retinal processes
What are feature detectors? 
Nerve cells that respond to specific visual features
How do feature detectors contribute to visual processing? 
They pass specific information to other cortical areas for complex pattern recognition
What is parallel processing in the context of sensation? 
It is the ability to process multiple sensory inputs simultaneously
What is audition? 
Hearing
How does amplitude affect sound perception? 
It determines the perceived loudness of sound
What does frequency determine in sound? 
It determines pitch
What happens when sound waves strike the eardrum? 
It triggers nerve impulses
What is the cochlea's role in hearing? 
It triggers nerve impulses in response to sound waves
What is sensorineural hearing loss? 
Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors or the auditory nerve
What is conduction hearing loss? 
Hearing loss from damage to the mechanical system conducting sound waves to the cochlea
How does the brain interpret loudness? 
By the number of activated hair cells in the cochlea
What does place theory explain? 
It explains how we hear different pitches based on activity at different places along the cochlea
What does frequency theory suggest? 
It suggests that the brain reads pitch by monitoring the frequency of neural impulses
How do our two ears contribute to sound localization?
They allow us to enjoy stereophonic hearing