Mutations

• What is a mutation?


  A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that affects the proteins.
• What are the ways mutations can occur?

  • Inherited from parents
  • Occur in egg or sperm just after fertilization
  • Acquired during an organism's lifetime
• What are the two types of gene mutations?

  The two types of gene mutations are point mutations and frameshift mutations.
• What is an example of a real-life point mutation?

  An example of a real-life point mutation is Sickle cell anemia.
• What is the consequence of the point mutation in Sickle cell anemia?

  It causes a change in an amino acid.
• What are the types of gene mutations and their effects?

  Types of gene mutations:

  • Point mutations: single nucleotide change
  • Frameshift mutations: insertion or deletion that alters the reading frame
• How does a frameshift mutation differ from a point mutation?

  A frameshift mutation changes the entire reading frame, while a point mutation affects only one nucleotide.
• What happens to the reading frame in a frameshift mutation?

  It can change the entire reading frame of the gene.
• What are the types of mutations that can occur in DNA?

  • Chromosome mutations
  • Gene mutations (point and frameshift)
• What are the two types of frameshift mutations?

  Insertion and deletion