Muscular System

• What is muscle tissue specialized for?


  Contraction and movement
• What are the three main types of muscle tissue in the human body?

  • Skeletal muscle: Voluntary, striated, attached to bones
  • Smooth muscle: Involuntary, non-striated, found in internal organs
  • Cardiac muscle: Involuntary, striated, found only in the heart
• How do skeletal muscles differ from smooth muscles?


  Skeletal muscles are voluntary and striated, while smooth muscles are involuntary and non-striated
• What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?


  To keep the heart beating involuntarily
• What are the main components of skeletal muscle structure?

  Muscle fibres, myofibrils, sarcomeres, and connective tissue
• What is the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?


  1. Nerve signal reaches muscle fibre
  2. Calcium ions are released
  3. Myosin binds to actin
  4. Myosin pulls actin, causing sliding
  5. Sarcomeres shorten, contracting the muscle
  6. Calcium is pumped back, muscle relaxes
• What are the basic functional units of muscle contraction called?

  Sarcomeres
• What role do calcium ions play in muscle contraction?


  Calcium ions allow myosin to bind to actin filaments
• What is required for muscle contraction in terms of energy?

  ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
• What happens to the muscle when the nerve signal stops?


  The muscle relaxes as calcium is pumped back into storage
• What are antagonistic muscle pairs?


  • Sets of muscles that work in opposition
  • Produce movement around a joint
  • Allow for controlled and precise movements
• What type of muscle is found only in the heart?

  Cardiac muscle
• What is the function of skeletal muscles?


  To enable voluntary movements by being attached to bones
• How do the structures of skeletal muscle contribute to its function?


  The long muscle fibres and myofibrils allow for efficient contraction and movement
• What is the immediate trigger that allows myosin to bind to actin in muscle contraction?


  Release of calcium ions
• What are antagonistic muscle pairs and how do they function?


  • Sets of muscles that work in opposition to produce movement around a joint
  • Agonist: muscle that contracts to produce movement
  • Antagonist: muscle that relaxes as the agonist contracts
  • Reciprocal inhibition: one muscle contracts while the other relaxes
• When you bend your arm, which muscle contracts and which relaxes?

  Biceps contracts, Triceps relaxes
• When you straighten your leg, which muscle contracts and which relaxes?

  Quadriceps contracts, Hamstring relaxes
• What are the main functions of the muscular system?


  1. Movement: Muscles contract and relax to move body parts
  2. Heat production: Muscle contractions generate heat
  3. Circulation support: Skeletal muscles assist in blood movement
  4. Protection: Muscles protect internal organs
  5. Digestion: Smooth muscles move food in the digestive tract
  6. Breathing: Muscles enable breathing
• Which function of the muscular system is most directly responsible for maintaining your body's upright posture?


  Movement
• What role do muscles play in heat production?

  Muscle contractions generate heat, helping maintain body temperature
• How do muscles assist in circulation?

  Skeletal muscles help move blood through veins back to the heart
• What is the role of muscles in digestion?


  Smooth muscles in the digestive tract move food and aid in absorption
• Which muscles are involved in breathing?

  Muscles like the diaphragm and intercostal muscles enable breathing
• How do antagonistic muscle pairs contribute to controlled movements?


  They allow one muscle to contract while the other relaxes, enabling smooth movement
• What happens to the biceps and triceps when you perform a bicep curl?


  Biceps contracts, Triceps relaxes
• What occurs in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles when you kick a ball?

  Quadriceps contracts, Hamstring relaxes
• What is the role of muscles in protecting internal organs?

  Muscles protect internal organs and support the skeletal system
• How do muscles contribute to body temperature regulation?

  Muscle contractions generate heat, helping to maintain body temperature
• What is the relationship between muscle contraction and movement?


  Muscle contraction leads to movement by shortening and pulling on bones
• What is reciprocal inhibition in muscle function?

  Reciprocal inhibition is when one muscle contracts while its antagonist relaxes
• What is the role of the diaphragm in the muscular system?


  The diaphragm helps enable breathing
• How do muscles assist in maintaining posture?


  Muscles contract and relax to keep the body upright against gravity
• What happens to the muscles during exercise in terms of heat production?


  Muscles generate heat through contractions during exercise
• How do the functions of the muscular system work together to maintain homeostasis?


  Muscles work together to facilitate movement, generate heat, and support vital functions
• What is the role of smooth muscles in the body?


  Smooth muscles move food in the digestive tract and aid in absorption
• Why is it important for muscles to work in pairs?

  Muscles must work in pairs to allow for controlled and opposing movements
• How does the muscular system respond to increased physical activity?


  The muscular system increases contractions and generates more heat
• What is the significance of muscle contraction in relation to movement and stability?

  Muscle contraction is essential for both movement and maintaining stability in the body