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• What is the time frame of Prehistory?


  200,000 BCE to 3,500 BCE
• What are the two main eras of Prehistory and their time frames?

  • Paleolithic Era: 200,000 BCE - 100,000 BCE
  • Neolithic Era: 100,000 BCE - 3,500 BCE
• What characterized the lifestyle of people during the Paleolithic Era?


  They were hunters and lived in small groups, often in caves.
• Why did Paleolithic people live in small groups?


  To travel easily while hunting.
• What was a significant change in the Neolithic Era compared to the Paleolithic Era?


  People became farmers and settled in homes.
• What major developments occurred during the Neolithic Era?


  Government, rules, laws, and marriage were established.
• What is the significance of Neanderthals in human history?


  They are an extinct human species that did not think.
• What does the term "Homo sapiens" refer to?


  It refers to modern humans.
• What does the Woman of Willendorf statue represent?


  It represents women in the Paleolithic era, emphasizing fertility.
• What is meant by "animal magic" in the context of the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras?


  It refers to the belief in the fertility of animals.
• What are the three ancient characters from prehistoric hunting cultures?

  1. The 'Animal Master' from Trois Frères cave, France (14,000 BCE)
  2. The 'Shaman' as an intermediary between mankind and nature
  3. Fertility symbols like the Female Figure from Early Cycladic II (c. 2,600-2,400 BCE) and the Venus of Willendorf (c. 25,000-20,000 BCE)
• What is the time frame of Ancient History?

  3500 BCE to 500 BCE
• What is Mesopotamia known as?


  It is known as the land between two rivers.
• What led to the creation of laws in Mesopotamia?


  The increase in population due to limited resources.
• What is the significance of the term "Gildamage" in Mesopotamian history?


  It is referred to as the first piece of history.
• What was the first invention in Mesopotamia?

  The wheel.
• What are the dominant cultures of Ancient Mesopotamia?

  1. The Sumerians (c. 3500-3000 BCE): Known for the Epic of Gilgamesh.
  2. The Akkadians (c. 2332 BCE): Led by Sargon I.
  3. The Babylonians (c. 1792 BCE): Hammurabi’s empire and law code.
  4. The Assyrians (c. 1600 BCE): Ashurbanipal and Nebuchadnezzar.
• What role did Babylon play in trade during Ancient Mesopotamia?


  It was a key stop for traders and part of a wide trade network.
• What is Hammurabi’s Law Code known for?


  It is the first written code of laws.
• What principle is included in Hammurabi’s Law Code?


  The principle of "an eye for an eye."
• Where was the stele of Hammurabi found?


  In Susa, modern Iran.
• What did Nebuchadnezzar II accomplish in Babylon?


  He rebuilt Babylon and commissioned the Hanging Gardens.
• What is Phoenicia known for?


  Trade, especially Tyrian purple cloth.
• What significant contribution did the Phoenicians make to writing?


  They developed the Phoenician Alphabet.
• How did the Phoenicians revolutionize sea travel?


  They crossed the Gibraltar Strait and introduced early democratic principles.
• What characterized Ancient Egypt during the Bronze Age?


  It included Lower and Upper Egypt along the Nile River.
• Who was Thutmose III?


  He was the first Egyptian king referred to as "Pharaoh."
• What significant religious shift did Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) introduce?


  He introduced monotheism, worshiping Aten.
• Who is Ma'at in Ancient Egyptian belief?


  She is the goddess of order, justice, and truth.
• What is the Osiris Myth about?


  It tells of Osiris being murdered by Seth and ruling the underworld.
• When did Judaism first appear in Greek records?


  During the Hellenistic period (323-31 BCE).
• What is the earliest mention of Israel found on?

  On the Merneptah Stele.
• Who are the Hebrews said to descend from?


  From the ancient people of Israel who settled in Canaan.
• What is Canaan in relation to Judaism?


  It is the promised land to the Jews.
• Who was Jacob in the context of the Twelve Tribes?


  He is Israel, who changed his name later.
• What happened to the Israelites during a famine?


  They settled in Egypt and were later enslaved.
• What did Moses do during the Exodus?


  He led the Israelites out of Egypt after 400 years of slavery.
• How did Moses help the Israelites escape from Egypt?


  He split the waters of the Red Sea.
• What significant event occurred at Mount Sinai?


  The Ten Commandments were received.
• Who were the first three kings of Israel?

  Saul, David, and Solomon.