Nervous system

• What is the main control and communication system of the body?

  The nervous system
• How does the nervous system work with the endocrine system?

  It works closely to regulate body functions
• What is the role of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis?

  It helps to maintain stable internal conditions in the body
• How does the nervous system ensure the body functions efficiently?

  By communicating messages via a network of neurons
• What are the three key roles of the nervous system?

  • Sensory: Gathers information and detects changes
  • Integrative: Analyzes and interprets changes, selects responses
  • Motor: Responds by signaling actions like hormone secretion or muscle contraction
• What type of neurons carry signals from the body to the CNS?

  Afferent (sensory neurons)
• What type of neurons carry signals from the CNS to the body?

  Efferent (motor neurons)
• What is the function of interneurons?

  They facilitate communication between sensory or motor nerves and the CNS
• What do muscle spindles detect?

  Changes in muscle length
• What do Golgi tendon organs detect?

  Changes in muscle tension
• What is the purpose of the stretch reflex?

  To cause a reflex contraction of the stretched muscle to prevent over-lengthening
• What does the inverse stretch reflex do?

  It causes reflex inhibition of the stretched muscle to reduce tension
• What do chemoreceptors detect?

  Chemical changes
• How do chemoreceptors relate to sports physiology?

  They detect changes in blood pH depending on CO2 levels
• What do thermoreceptors detect?

  Changes in temperature
• Where are thermoreceptors commonly found?

  In the skin, liver, and skeletal muscles
• What do baroreceptors detect?

  Changes in pressure
• How does blood pressure relate to baroreceptors?

  Blood pressure increases when the heart beats more
• Where is a significant site for baroreceptor activity?

  The aortic arch
• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

  Central and peripheral nervous systems
• What is the primary function of the nervous system?

  Control and communication in the body
• How does the nervous system maintain homeostasis?

  By ensuring the body functions efficiently
• What role do neurons play in the nervous system?

  They communicate messages throughout the body
• What are afferent nerves responsible for?

  Sending sensory information to the CNS
• What do efferent nerves do?

  Transmit signals from the CNS to the body
• What is the function of interneurons?

  Facilitate communication within the CNS
• What do muscle spindles detect?

  Changes in muscle length
• What do Golgi tendon organs detect?

  Changes in muscle tension
• What is the purpose of the stretch reflex?

  To prevent over-lengthening of muscles
• What does the inverse stretch reflex do?

  Inhibits stretched muscle to reduce tension
• What do chemoreceptors detect?

  Chemical changes in the body
• How do chemoreceptors relate to sports?

  They monitor blood pH changes due to CO2
• What do thermoreceptors detect?

  Changes in temperature
• Where are thermoreceptors commonly found?

  In skin, liver, and skeletal muscles
• What do baroreceptors detect?

  Changes in pressure
• How does blood pressure relate to baroreceptors?

  They detect increases in blood pressure
• Where is a key site for baroreceptor activity?

  Aortic arch
• What is the role of the central nervous system?

  Processes information and coordinates responses
• What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?

  Connects the CNS to the rest of the body
• What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

  Controls voluntary movements