Unit 4

• What was the Essex Junto's main goal?

  To have New York, New Jersey, and New England secede from America.
• Why did the Essex Junto oppose the War of 1812?


  They feared it would harm New England's economy.
• What was the Hartford Convention?

  A meeting of Federalist Party leaders in 1814 to discuss grievances against the federal government.
• What did the attendees of the Hartford Convention draft?

  A series of resolutions outlining their grievances and proposed solutions.
• What was the outcome of the Hartford Convention?

  It was seen as a political failure and contributed to the decline of the Federalist Party.
• Who was Aaron Burr?

  The third vice president of the United States under Thomas Jefferson.
• What was Aaron Burr accused of in 1805?


  Plotting to establish an independent state in the western United States.
• What is treason defined as?

  The act of betraying one's country by attempting to overthrow the government or aiding its enemies.
• What was the outcome of Burr's trial for treason?

  He was acquitted of the charge.
• What were some speculated motivations behind Burr's actions?

  Ambition for power and financial considerations.
• What was happening to Native Americans during the westward expansion?

  They were being forcibly removed from their ancestral lands.
• What did the Treaty of Fort Wayne result in for Native Americans?

  They gave away 3 million acres for 2 cents per acre.
• Who was Tenskwatawa and what did he preach?

  A Shawnee leader who preached a message of spiritual and cultural revival.
• What was Tecumseh's Confederacy?


  A Native American resistance movement formed to protect ancestral lands.
• Who led the army against Tecumseh's Confederacy in the Battle of Tippecanoe?

  William Henry Harrison.
• What was the significance of the Battle of Tippecanoe?

  It marked the beginning of Tecumseh's War and made Harrison a national hero.
• What were the causes of Tecumseh's War?

  Tensions between the United States and Native American tribes fueled by white settlement.
• What was the outcome of Tecumseh's War?

  The United States military emerged victorious, establishing dominance in the Old Northwest.
• What was the First Seminole War?

  A conflict from 1817-1818 where Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida.
• Why did Andrew Jackson invade East Florida during the First Seminole War?

  Due to raids by Seminole Indians and the presence of runaway slaves.
• What was John C. Calhoun's plan regarding Native Americans?

  To have Indians east of the Mississippi River "voluntarily" give up their land.
• What was Henry Clay's American System?


  A legislative proposal aimed at making America economically self-sufficient.
• What were the components of Henry Clay's American System?

  Tariff, Bank of the US, and federal funding for internal improvements.
• What was the Tariff of 1816?

  A 25% tax on imported fabric and a 30% tax on iron, leather, and paper.
• What was the purpose of the national bank established under the American System?

  To provide a stable currency and a source of credit for industry and commerce.
• What were the arguments against the American System?

  It represented an unconstitutional expansion of federal power and an unfair burden on states.
• What triggered the Panic of 1819?

  The Second Bank of the United States limiting loans to control inflation.
• What were the main causes of the Panic of 1819?

  Land speculation, decline in agricultural prices, and bank failures.
• What were the consequences of the Panic of 1819?

  Widespread business failures, unemployment, and a decrease in property values.
• What was the Missouri Compromise?

  A plan to maintain the balance between free and slave states in 1820.
• What did the Tallmadge Amendment propose?

  To prohibit further introduction of slavery in Missouri and allow emancipation for slave children at age 25.
• What were the key components of the Missouri Compromise?

  Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state; slavery was prohibited north of the 36°30' line.
• What was the long-term impact of the Missouri Compromise?

  It was a temporary solution that failed to resolve the fundamental differences over slavery.
• What nullified the Missouri Compromise?

  The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
• Who was Aaron Burr known for dueling with?

  Alexander Hamilton.
• What was the significance of Burr's duel with Hamilton?

  It resulted in Hamilton's death and damaged Burr's reputation.
• What were the key events and concepts in American expansion from 1800 to 1848?

  • Essex Junto and attempted secession
  • Hartford Convention and its impact
  • Aaron Burr's treason trial
  • Native American resistance and Tecumseh's Confederacy
  • Henry Clay's American System
  • Panic of 1819 and its causes
  • Missouri Compromise and its implications
• What were the strengths and weaknesses of the American System proposed by Henry Clay?

  Strengths:

  • Aimed for economic self-sufficiency
  • Promoted infrastructure development

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Seen as an unconstitutional expansion of federal power
  • Opposed by states' rights advocates
• What were the causes and consequences of the Panic of 1819?

  Causes:

  • Land speculation
  • Decline in agricultural prices
  • Bank failures

  
  

  Consequences:

  • Widespread business failures
  • Increased unemployment
  • Calls for land reform
• What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise?

  • Maintained balance between free and slave states
  • Prohibited slavery north of the 36°30' line
  • Seen as a temporary solution to slavery issues