Study guide (unit 5)

• What is the sequence of DNA provided in the answer key?

  GAT-CCA-ATT-TCA
• What is the function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

  • Making proteins from mRNA
• What does mRNA carry?

  Genetic code
• What does tRNA carry?

  Amino acids
• What are the key differences between transcription and translation?

  • Transcription occurs in the nucleus; translation occurs in ribosomes (cytoplasm).
  • Transcription produces mRNA; translation produces polypeptides (proteins).
• What is the mRNA produced from the DNA sequence AUG-CCGUU-AUU-GCU-UUA?

  UAC-GGCAA-UAA-CGA-AAT
• What is the process of using genetic code to make proteins called?

  Protein synthesis
• What is a gene?

  A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
• What are the building blocks of a protein?

  Amino acids
• What is a mutation?

  A change in the DNA base sequence
• How might a mutation affect protein synthesis?

  It can change the amino acid sequence of the protein
• Name two types of mutation.

  Substitution and insertion/deletion
• How does substitution mutation affect proteins?

  It changes one amino acid in the protein
• What is the effect of insertion/deletion mutations on protein synthesis?

  It causes a change in the reading frame