Inorganic ions

• What is the role of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in biological processes?

  Involved in transmission of nerve impulses, insulin release, and acts as a cofactor for enzymes
• What is the role of sodium ions (Na⁺) in the body?

  Important for generating nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and regulating fluid balance
• What is the role of potassium ions (K⁺) in biological processes?

  Important for generating nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and activating enzymes for photosynthesis
• How do hydrogen ions (H⁺) affect pH?

  More H⁺ ions than OH⁻ ions create an acid
• What is the role of ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) in plants?

  It is an important source of nitrogen
• What is the role of nitrate ions (NO₃⁻) in plants?

  It is an important source of nitrogen
• What is the function of hydrogencarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) in the blood?

  Acts as a buffer to maintain blood pH
• What is the role of chloride ions (Cl⁻) in the body?

  Involved in the chloride shift and acts as a cofactor for amylase
• What is the role of phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) in biological processes?

  Involved in photosynthesis, respiration, and synthesis of biological molecules (ATP)
• How do hydroxide ions (OH⁻) affect pH?

  More OH⁻ ions than H⁺ ions create an alkali