Cells and Cell Structure/Techniques

• What do all cells contain?

  • cell surface membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • genetic material made up of DNA
• What 2 groups can cells be divided into?

  • prokaryotic cells
  • eukaryotic cells
• Give an example of a prokaryotic cell


  Bacteria
• What is an organelle?


  Small cellular structure that has a specific function
• How do prokaryotes form new cells?


  Binary fission
• Name the structures of a bacteria cell

  Bacterial cell

  A) Cell Wall

  B) Capsule

  C) Cell Membrane

  D) Flagellum

  E) Plasmid

  F) DNA

  G) Ribosomes

  
• What is evidence that eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells?


  They have extra features compared to prokaryotic cells
• How do eukaryotic cells produces new cells?


  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
• List the structures in the eukaryotic cell

  Eukaryotic cell

  A) Plasma membrane

  B) Nucleus

  C) Nucleolous

  D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

  E) lysosomes

  F) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  G) microvillus

  H) mitochondrion

  I) golgi

  J) vesicles

  
• Name the organelle

  organelle:

  A) Plasma membrane

  
• Describe the plasma membrane


  • membrane found on cell surface
  • made of phospholipid bilayer
  • contains embedded proteins
• Function of Plasma Membrane 


  • selectively permeable
  • allows cell identification
• Name the organelle

  organelle:

  A) Nucleus

  
• Describe the nucleus


  • contains chromosomes
  • associated with histone proteins
• Describe the function of nucleus 


  • DNA contains genetic code for making proteins
  • nucleolus manufactures ribosomes
• Name this organelle

  Organelle

  A) mitochondrion

  
• Describe the mitochondria


  • oval shaped (surrounded by 2 membranes)
  • inner membrane folded and forms cristae
  • fluid inside is matrix
  • contains DNA like in prokaryotes (short, circular, not associated with histone proteins)
• Function of mitochondria


  • Produces ATP from aerobic respiration
  • ATP used by cells for active processes
  • active transport
  • protein synthesis