1gchem

    Cards (54)

    • What is electron configuration?
      It is a notation used to represent how electrons are distributed in different energy levels and orbitals of an atom.
    • What is the electron configuration of hydrogen in the ground state?
      1s orbital
    • What are the components of electron configuration?
      It consists of subshells and the number of electrons found in those subshells.
    • What is the principal quantum number for the 1s orbital?

      1
    • What is the azimuthal quantum number for the 1s orbital?
      l = 0
    • What rules are considered in distributing electrons in orbitals for elements other than hydrogen?
      • Aufbau Principle
      • Pauli Exclusion Principle
      • Hund’s Rule
    • What does the Aufbau Principle state?
      Electrons fill first the orbitals with the lowest energy before those with higher energy levels.
    • What does the term "Aufbau" mean in German?
      Construction or building-up
    • What is the order of energy for subshells with different n values?
      1s < 2s < 3s < 4s...
      2p < 3p < 4p
    • What is the energy relationship of different subshells under the same shell?
      2s = 2p
      3s = 3p = 3d
      4s = 4p = 4d = 4f
    • What is the energy order of subshells in hydrogen?
      1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s = 4p = 4d = 4f
    • What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle state?
      No two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in an s subshell?
      2
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in a p subshell?
      6
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in a d subshell?
      10
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in an f subshell?
      14
    • What should the total number of electrons equal to?
      It should equal the atomic number.
    • What is the electron configuration of fluorine (F)?
      1s² 2s² 2p⁵
    • What is the electron configuration of potassium (K)?
      1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹
    • What is the electron configuration of phosphorus (P)?
      1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³
    • What is the electron configuration of nickel (Ni)?
      1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁸
    • What is the electron configuration of the element with atomic number 86 (Rn)?
      1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 6p¹
    • What is the atomic number of an element?
      It is the number of protons in an atom of that element.
    • What does the atomic mass refer to?
      It refers to the "weight" of the atom, derived from the number of protons and neutrons.
    • What are valence electrons?
      They are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that are transferred or shared when atoms bond together.
    • What are the properties of metals?
      • Good conductors of heat and electricity
      • Shiny
      • Ductile (can be stretched into thin wires)
      • Malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets)
      • React with water resulting in corrosion
    • What are the properties of non-metals?
      • Poor conductors of heat and electricity
      • Not ductile or malleable
      • Brittle and break easily
      • Dull
      • Many are gases
    • What are the properties of metalloids?
      • Have properties of both metals and non-metals
      • Solids that can be shiny or dull
      • Conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals
      • Ductile and malleable
    • What are the characteristics of Group 1: Alkali Metals?
      • 1 valence electron
      • Very reactive
    • What are the characteristics of Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals?
      • 2 valence electrons
      • Very reactive, but less than alkali metals
    • What are the characteristics of Groups 3-12: Transition Metals?
      • 1-2 valence electrons
      • Less reactive than alkali metals
      • Bottom 2 rows are the Lanthanide & Actinide series
    • What are the characteristics of the Lanthanide Series?
      • Shiny reactive metals
      • Most found in nature
    • What are the characteristics of the Actinide Series?
      • Radioactive and unstable
      • Most are man-made & not stable in nature
    • What are the characteristics of Group 17: Halogens?
      • 7 valence electrons
      • Very reactive
    • What are the characteristics of Group 18: Noble Gases?
      • Stable and exist as monatomic elements
      • Not susceptible to chemical reactions under standard conditions
    • Who created the periodic table?
      Dmitri Mendeleev
    • What does the periodic table show?
      It shows all known elements in the universe and organizes them by chemical properties.
    • How are elements organized on the periodic table?
      According to their atomic number.
    • What is the significance of atomic number?
      No two elements have the same number of protons.
    • What does atomic mass refer to?
      It is derived by adding the number of protons with the number of neutrons.