Momentum

• What is the definition of momentum in physics?

  Momentum is the quantity of motion an object possesses.
• What type of quantity is momentum?

  Momentum is a vector quantity.
• What factors is momentum directly related to?

  Momentum is directly related to mass and velocity.
• What are the key points regarding momentum?

  • Momentum represents an object's tendency to remain in motion.
  • Greater mass or higher velocity results in more momentum.
  • Momentum is conserved in closed systems.
• How is momentum calculated?

  Momentum is calculated using the formula $p =$$m \cdot v$.
• What does the variable $p$ represent in the momentum formula?


  $p$ represents momentum.
• What does the variable $m$ represent in the momentum formula?


  $m$ represents mass.
• What does the variable $v$ represent in the momentum formula?


  $v$ represents velocity.
• How does doubling mass or velocity affect momentum?


  Doubling either mass or velocity will double the momentum.
• What are the units of momentum in the SI system?

  Momentum is measured in $\text{kg} \cdot \frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}}$.
• How are the units N⋅s and kg⋅m/s related?


  N⋅s and kg⋅m/s are equivalent units of momentum.
• What is the principle of conservation of momentum?


  • The total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time.
  • Total momentum before an event equals total momentum after the event.
  • Momentum is transferred between objects in collisions, not lost.
• What happens to momentum in a closed system without external forces?

  Total momentum is conserved in the absence of external forces.
• In a collision between two billiard balls, what remains the same?


  The total momentum before and after the collision remains the same.
• If a stationary bowling ball is struck by a moving tennis ball, what principle applies?


  The conservation of momentum principle applies.
• What must happen to the bowling ball's momentum after the tennis ball bounces back?


  The bowling ball must move to conserve momentum.
• What is the initial momentum of a stationary object?


  The initial momentum of a stationary object is zero.
• If object A stops completely after a collision, what can we say about object B?


  Object B must move to conserve momentum.
• What happens to the total momentum in a collision?


  The total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision.
• What is the momentum of a person jumping off a skateboard?

  The skateboard moves in the opposite direction to conserve momentum.
• What is the relationship between mass, velocity, and momentum?


  • Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
  • Greater mass or higher velocity results in greater momentum.
  • Momentum is conserved in closed systems.
• What is the initial momentum of the system before the collision described in the first question?


  10 kg⋅m/s
• Why does object B start moving at 3.33 m/s after the collision?


  Because all of the initial momentum must be transferred to object B since object A stops.
• What is the mass of the person in the skateboard scenario?


  60 kg
• What happens to the skateboard when the person jumps off?


  The skateboard moves in the opposite direction at 40 m/s.
• How is the skateboard's speed calculated after the person jumps off?

  By applying conservation of momentum to balance the momentum of the person and skateboard.
• What is the mass of the truck in the collision scenario?


  5000 kg
• What is the combined speed of the truck and car immediately after the collision?


  16.67 m/s
• How is the final speed of the truck and car calculated after the collision?

  By using the conservation of momentum equation to solve for their combined speed.
• What is the mass of the golf ball in the recoil scenario?


  1. 045 kg
• What is the recoil speed of the golf club after hitting the ball?


  1. 5 m/s in the opposite direction to the ball.
• How is the recoil speed of the golf club determined?


  By applying conservation of momentum to the system before and after the impact.
• What are key applications of momentum in real-world scenarios?


  • Vehicle safety: Crumple zones reduce force during collisions.
  • Sports: Following through increases ball distance.
  • Rocket propulsion: Expelling mass gains momentum.
  • Collisions: Predicting outcomes of object interactions.
• Why does the cue ball often stop or move slowly after a collision in snooker?


  The cue ball transfers most of its momentum to the other ball due to conservation of momentum.