translocation and transpiration

• What is the process by which plants transport their sugars called?

  Translocation
• How do plants transport water?

  Through transpiration
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In the leaves
• What are phloem cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars
• What structure do phloem cells form?


  Phloem tubes
• What is cell sap?


  A liquid mixture of water and sugar
• How do phloem tubes facilitate the transport of sugars?

  By allowing movement through small pores between adjacent cells
• What can sugars be used for once they reach their destination in the plant?


  For energy or stored for later use
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What are xylem tubes primarily responsible for?

  Transporting water and mineral ions
• What type of cells make up xylem tubes?


  Dead xylem cells
• What material strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  The evaporation of water from the leaves
• How does evaporation from the leaves affect water movement in plants?

  It creates a pull that drags water molecules up the plant
• What is the term for the evaporation of water from the leaves?

  Transpiration
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules moving through the plant
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, air flow, and humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light intensity increases photosynthesis and stomata opening, leading to more transpiration
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Warmer temperatures increase the rate of transpiration
• How does airflow influence transpiration?

  High airflow increases transpiration by maintaining a high concentration gradient
• How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher humidity decreases the rate of transpiration
• What are the main components of the mass transport systems in plants?

  • Phloem: transports sugars (translocation)
  • Xylem: transports water and mineral ions
• What are the key differences between phloem and xylem tubes?

  Phloem:

  • Living cells
  • Transport sugars
  • Can move substances in both directions

  
  

  Xylem:

  • Dead cells
  • Transport water and minerals
  • Move substances upwards only