chapter 8

• When was the 2nd BUS chartered and for how long?

  In 1816 for 20 years
• What caused the Panic of 1819?

  State banks over-issued notes and there was over speculation on western land
• What was the common behavior of people during the Panic of 1819 regarding land?

  People bought land in hopes of selling it at a higher price in the future
• What emerged as a result of the Panic of 1819?

  Growing distrust of the banks, particularly the 2nd BUS
• Who was especially hard hit by the Panic of 1819?

  Merchants
• How did manufacturing change during this period?

  Manufacturing moved from homes to factories more and more
• Which regions focused on raising livestock during this time?

  New England and the West, especially Cincinnati
• What happened to forests in many areas of the North?

  Forests were removed
• Where were textile mills built during this period?

  Around water sources
• What was the significance of turnpikes during this time?

  They increased trade by connecting the interior of the country to the coasts
• What was the first turnpike?

  The Lancaster turnpike
• What was the role of the Supreme Court under John Marshall regarding business?

  The Supreme Court ruled in favor of expanding business, including eminent domain
• What is the Commonwealth system?

  Providing government aid to private businesses
• How was the US unique in the world during this period?

  It had no aristocratic families
• What laws restricted rights in the US during this time?

  Numerous laws restricted rights based on race and gender
• Who was Mercy Otis Warren?

  An advocate against patriarchy
• How did Republican marriages differ from previous marriages?

  More marriages were based on love, fewer were arranged
• What was the power dynamic in Republican marriages?

  Husbands still had more power than wives regarding property
• What was the concept of Republican motherhood?

  Mothers would raise their children to be good citizens and took an active role in education
• What were the two modes of parenting mentioned?

  Encouraging independence versus authoritarianism
• What did Jefferson advocate for regarding education?


  Education for Americans so children would become informed voters
• Where were more schools located during this period?

  In the North
• Why was it easier to build schools in the North?

  People were closer together
• What happened in the 1820s regarding education funding?

  There was an increase in funding for education
• Who helped standardize the English language?

  Noah Webster
• How did thousands of slaves gain freedom during the Revolutionary War?

  Via the British
• What is manumission?

  The freeing of slaves by owners
• Which groups challenged slavery?

  Quakers and Enlightenment thinkers
• What discrimination did free blacks face?

  Significant discrimination
• What law did the Virginia legislature pass in 1792?

  A new manumission law
• How was slavery viewed in the South?

  As a necessary evil
• Who planned a rebellion and what happened to him?

  Gabriel Prosser planned a rebellion and was hanged
• What was the consequence of slave rebellions?

  Slave laws became more harsh
• How did education differ between the North and South?

  Education was much better in the North with higher literacy rates
• How did the perception of slavery transition in the South?

  From a necessary evil to a positive good
• What protected slavery in the federal government?

  Southern dominance in the federal government
• What effect did the cotton boom have on slavery?

  Slavery increased due to the cotton boom and the cotton gin
• What did the American Colonization Society propose?

  To send free slaves to Africa (Liberia)
• How did many African Americans respond to the American Colonization Society's proposal?


  Many rejected the idea
• What new development occurred among black communities?

  New black churches developed