Sepsis workshop

• Why do we need to isolate patients?

  To prevent transmission of infectious diseases and protect susceptible patients.
• What are the two main reasons for isolating patients?

  Prevent disease transmission

  Protect susceptible patients.
• What is the aim of source isolation?

  • Prevent transmission of pathogens from infected patients
  • Protect other patients and staff
• What are the common modes of transmission in source isolation?

  Airborne

  Direct contact

  Enteric secretions

  Blood or body fluids.
• What is an example of an airborne disease that requires source isolation?

  Pulmonary tuberculosis.
• What is MRSA an example of in terms of transmission?

  Direct contact by hand.
• What type of contact is associated with Salmonella transmission?

  Enteric secretions - direct contact.
• How can Hepatitis B be transmitted in a healthcare setting?

  Through blood or body fluids via sharps injury or exposure.
• What are the three standards of source isolation?

  • Standard isolation
  • Respiratory isolation
  • Strict isolation
• What are the key features of standard isolation?

  • Single room with own toilet and hand-wash basin
  • Handwashing with liquid soap or alcohol gel
  • Use of PPE (gloves and aprons)
• When should hands be washed in standard isolation?

  After procedures

  After removing protective clothing

  Before leaving the room
• What are the requirements for respiratory isolation?

  • Single room with own toilet and closed door
  • Masks required before entering and after exiting
  • Patient wears a surgical mask if leaving the room
• What is the ideal air pressure condition for a respiratory isolation room?

  Negative pressure.
• What diseases require respiratory isolation?

  • Measles
  • Chickenpox
  • Mumps
• What are the key features of strict isolation?

  • Single room with an ante-room
  • Extract ventilation
  • Minimal staff entry
• What is an example of a disease that requires strict isolation?

  Smallpox.
• What is the purpose of protective isolation?

  • Protect susceptible patients from infections
  • Single room with own toilet
  • Handwashing and PPE requirements
• What is the air pressure condition for a protective isolation room?

  Positive pressure.
• What are the advantages of having single rooms for patients?

  • Privacy
  • Less disruption
  • Improved sleep
  • Reduced infection rates
• What are the disadvantages of having single rooms for patients?

  • Reduced social interaction
  • Increased building costs
  • Reduced staff surveillance
  • Increased staffing requirements
• What is the hierarchy of isolation based on disease severity?

  • Highest priority: Universally fatal diseases
  • Lower priority: Less severe infections
• What is the purpose of the group scenario exercise mentioned in the material?

  To work through an infection control problem collaboratively.
• What will be discussed after the group exercise?

  • Solutions to the problem
  • Issues raised during the exercise
  • Theory behind decision-making
• What is the layout of the cubicles in the ward?

  There are multiple cubicles, some with positive pressure and others with negative pressure.
• How does the design of a negative pressure room help in infection control?

  It exhausts air to the outside through bacterial filters, preventing airborne pathogens from escaping.
• What are the implications of having a positive pressure room for infection control?

  It protects patients from airborne pathogens by filtering incoming air.