Memory

• What is Encoding?

  encoding is the act of getting a memory into the brain and into storage.
• what is storage?

  storage is where memory is kept in your memory stores.
• What is retrieval?

  retrieval is getting a memory out of storage and actively recalling it.
• what is visual encoding?

  the process by which we remember visual images
• What is an example of visual encoding?


  Describing your dog and having your dog appear in your head
• What is an example of acoustic encoding?

  Remembering a theme song
• what is semantic encoding?


  When sensory information is encoded in a way that it gives a meaning
• What is an example of semantic encoding?


  Memorising words
• What are the 3 types of retrieval?

  Recognition, cued recall and free recall
• What are the 3 types of LTM?

  Episodic memory, semantic memory and procedural memory
• What is Episodic Memory?

  Memory for specific events or experiences in one's life.
• What is Semantic Memory?


  A Long-term memory system that stores general knowledge and concepts about the world. its like your own encyclopaedia, they are not time stamped
• 
  

  Semantic memory is not time stamped
• What is Procedural Memory?


  Memory for how to do things, such as riding a bike or tying shoelaces.
• What is the Coding, Capacity and Duration of Sensory Register?

  Coding- visual encoding

  Capacity- a very high capacity

  Duration- half a second
• What is the Coding, Capacity and Duration of STM?

  Coding- usually acoustic encoding

  Capacity- 7+/-2 items “millers magic number”

  Duration- around 30 seconds
• What is the Coding, Capacity and Duration of LTM?

  Coding: Semantic

  Capacity- unlimited Duration: Lifetime
• What is Barlett‘s reconstructive memory throry?


  the theory of reconstructive memory is that memories aren't always accurate, we remember fragments but some are forgotten by omission. We add details and remove them.
• What is the serial position curve?


  a graph that shows the relationship between the position of an item in a list and its likelihood of being remembered.
• What did Bartlett suggest?


  Bartlett suggested that memory is reconstructive, and is not like a video recording (memories may not be accurate)
• Bartlett uses the phrase ‘effort after meaning’ to try and make a sense of events and information using previous knowledge of experience.
• We can alter our memories so they fit in with social and cultural expectations, influenced by stereotypes. It’s done by people making inferences about what should’ve happened
• Primacy Effect - First items on a list are easier to remember due to their importance or because they were rehearsed more often.
• Recency Effect - Last items on a list are easier to remember due to their importance or because they were rehearsed more often.
• What is Interference?

  One explanation for forgetting. It may occur if 2 memories compete with eachother, this is especially likely if the 2 memories are quite similar, interference causes our memories to be distorted in some way
• What is context?


  The situation in which something happens. It can act as a cue to recall information which makes memory more accurate
• How does context happen?


  The surroundings changes e.g sights, sounds, smells and textures etc. cues from the context are encoded and can trigger recall
• What is Bartlett’s war of ghosts method?


  UK university friends and family were asked to reproduce a story to each other
• The aim of Murdocks serial position curve‘ study is to see if memory for words I

  Was affected by the number of words a person had to remember