Mitosis & Meiosis

Created by

Bryanna Hutcherson

Cards (58)

What is the chromosome number in haploid gametes?
23
What is the chromosome number in a diploid zygote?
46
What type of cells are multicellular diploid adults?
2n = 46
What is the process of fertilization in terms of gametes?
Egg and sperm (gametes) each donate a set of chromosomes.
Gametes are produced through meiosis, not mitosis.
Chromosome number is halved in gametes before fertilization.
What is the purpose of meiosis in gamete formation?
To halve the chromosome number in gametes before fertilization
What are homologous chromosomes?
Matching pairs of chromosomes
What occurs during interphase before meiosis?
Chromosomes duplicate and centrosomes form
What are the stages of Meiosis I?
Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments.
Metaphase I: Tetrads line up at the equator.
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate.
Telophase I and Cytokinesis: Two haploid cells form.
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
It is the exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I
What happens to sister chromatids during Anaphase I?
Sister chromatids remain attached
What is the result of Meiosis I?
Two haploid cells with double chromosomes
What occurs during Telophase I of meiosis?
Nuclear membrane reforms and chromatids remain attached
What are the stages of Meiosis II?
Prophase II: Chromosomes condense.
Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at the middle.
Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate.
Telophase II and Cytokinesis: Four haploid daughter cells form.
How does Meiosis II compare to Mitosis?
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis but results in haploid daughter cells
What is the outcome of spermatogenesis?
Four haploid sperm cells
Where does spermatogenesis occur in animals?
In the testes
What is the result of oogenesis in animals?
One ovum and polar bodies
What is the significance of uneven cytoplasmic division in oogenesis?
It concentrates cytoplasm in the ovum
What are the key differences between meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis involves two rounds of division; mitosis involves one.
Meiosis produces four haploid cells; mitosis produces two diploid cells.
Meiosis includes crossing over; mitosis does not.
Where does oogenesis occur in plants?
In the ovary
What is the role of the nuclear envelope during meiosis?
It reforms during Telophase I and II
Where does the chiasma form during meiosis?
During Prophase I
What is the significance of the cleavage furrow during meiosis?
It indicates the beginning of cytokinesis
What is independent assortment in meiosis?
It is the random distribution of homologous chromosomes to daughter cells
How do the daughter cells of meiosis I differ from those of meiosis II?
Daughter cells of meiosis I are haploid with double chromosomes, while those of meiosis II are haploid with single chromosomes
What is the chromosome number in daughter cells after meiosis II?
n = 23
What is the role of microtubules during meiosis?
They attach to chromosomes and help in their movement
What is the term for the process of forming sperm cells?
Spermatogenesis
What is the term for the process of forming egg cells?
Oogenesis
What is the structure of DNA described as?
DNA double helix
What are histones?
Proteins that help package DNA into nucleosomes
What is a nucleosome?
A unit of DNA wrapped around histone proteins
What is the term for tightly packed DNA?
Chromatin
How many chromosomes do gorillas have?
48
How many chromosomes do pea plants have?
14
What type of cells are somatic cells?
Body cells that always have an even number of chromosomes
When are chromosomes visible?
During cell division
What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis and chromosome duplication occur
What is the duration of interphase in the cell cycle?
90% of the time
What is the mitotic phase (M) duration in the cell cycle?
10% of the time