Equilibrium

• What is dynamic equilibrium in reversible reactions?

  It is when the rates of forward and reverse reactions are constant.
• What factors affect the equilibrium position in a reversible reaction?

  Pressure, concentration, and temperature affect the equilibrium position.
• What is the Haber process?

  • An industrial route to form ammonia
  • Reaction: \(N_{2} + 3H_{2} \rightleftharpoons 2NH_{3}\)
  • Example of a reversible reaction
• Can you obtain 100% conversion of reactants into products in a reversible reaction?

  No, you can never obtain 100% conversion.
• What happens as the forward reaction slows down in a reversible reaction?

  The reverse reaction speeds up until both reactions occur at the same rate.
• What is the equilibrium position in a reversible reaction?

  It is when the concentration of reactants and products remain constant.
• Can equilibrium be established in an open system?


  No, equilibrium cannot be established in an open system.
• What happens to iodine crystals in an open system?

  The vapour escapes and the reaction progresses until all crystals have vaporised.
• What is required to form a closed system in a chemical reaction?

  A sealed container is required to form a closed system.
• How does a closed system affect the establishment of equilibrium?

  In a closed system, both reactants and products remain, allowing equilibrium to be established.
• What is the difference between open and closed systems in chemical reactions?

  • Open system: Products or reactants can escape, preventing equilibrium.
  • Closed system: All reactants and products are contained, allowing equilibrium to be established.