Mendelian Inheritance

• What is biological evolution?

  Change in heritable traits
• What does a change in gene and allele frequencies indicate?

  It indicates biological evolution
• Why is it important to understand how traits are inherited in the context of evolution?

  To understand how evolution changes populations
• What is Mendelian inheritance?

  A review of how traits are inherited based on Gregor Mendel's work
• What did Mendel create to study inheritance?

  True-breeding lines
• What are the three generations Mendel studied in his pea plants?

  P generation, F1 generation, F2 generation

  
• What does the P generation refer to in Mendelian genetics?

  True-breeding parents
• What is the F1 generation in Mendelian genetics?

  Offspring of true-breeding cross

  
• What is the F2 generation in Mendelian genetics?

  Offspring of F1 self-fertilizers
• What do traits come from according to Mendelian genetics?

  Genes
• What is incomplete dominance?

  Blended expression of traits
• What is co-dominance?

  Additive expression of traits
• What are linked genes?

  Genes that are on the same chromosome
• What are X-linked genes?

  Genes located on the X chromosome
• What are Y-linked genes?

  Genes located on the Y chromosome
• Where are mitochondrial genes found?

  In the mitochondrial chromosome
• What are multi-gene traits?

  Traits that involve multiple genes
• Why does only one trait version show up in the F1 generation of two true-breeding lines?

  Because one trait is dominant over the other
• Why does the other trait reappear in the F2 generation?

  Because it is recessive and can be expressed when two recessive alleles are present
• Why does the other trait reappear in only ¼ of the F2s?

  Because of the segregation of alleles during gamete formation