biology-enzymes and digestion

• digestive enzymes break down starch, proteins and fats into sugars, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids
• amylase breaks down starch into maltose
• amylase is made in three places the salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine
• proteases break down proteins into amino acids
• protease are made in three places the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine
• lipase break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• lipase are made in two places the pancreas and the small intestine
• bile neutralises the stomach acid and breaks down fats
• the hydrochloric acid in the stomach is too acidic for enzymes to work properly. the bile is alkaline so neutralises the acid
• bile emulsifies fat which gives much bigger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on so digestion is quicker
• Benedicts test is used to test sugars
• in the Benedictus test If reducing sugar is present what are the colours the solution will change going from lowest concentration?


  blue to green to yellow to red.
• the iodine solution is used to test for starch
• when using iodine solution what colour will the solution turn if starch is present?

  from orange to black
• the biuret test is used to test for proteins
• in the biuret test is protein is present what colour with the solution turn?

  from blue to purple
• the Sudan 111 test is used t test for lipids
• in the Sudan 111 test if lipids are present what will happen to the solution?

  it will separate out into 2 layers with a red layer being ontop