AP World History Unit 3

• What was the time period during which land-based empires experienced significant expansion?


  1450 to 1750
• What were the key characteristics of land-based empires during this period?

  Centralized authority, use of gunpowder weapons, and territorial expansion
• What are some key empires that expanded during this period?

  • Russian Empire
  • Habsburg Empire
  • Ming Dynasty
  • Qing Dynasty
  • Ottoman Empire
  • Safavid Empire
  • Mughal Empire
• Which empires are classified as Gunpowder Empires?


  Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire
• How did the Russian Empire expand during this period?


  It expanded eastward across Siberia and reached the Pacific Ocean by 1639.
• Who was a key figure in the Russian Empire during its expansion?

  Ivan the Terrible
• What were the methods of expansion for European land-based empires?

  • Military conquest
  • Colonization
  • Strategic marriages
• What actions did the Ming Dynasty take regarding the Great Wall?


  They maintained and expanded the Great Wall.
• What was a significant policy change of the Ming Dynasty later in its rule?


  They adopted an isolationist policy.
• What was a key characteristic of the Qing Dynasty's territorial expansion?


  They expanded China's borders to their greatest extent, conquering Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.
• What was the state religion established by the Safavid Empire?


  Shi'a Islam
• What was a notable architectural achievement of the Mughal Empire?


  The Taj Mahal
• What were the main factors contributing to the expansion of land-based empires during this period?

  1. Military technology (advancements in gunpowder weapons)
  2. Centralized administration (improved bureaucratic systems)
  3. Economic motivations (desire for control over trade)
• What was a key military technology that contributed to the expansion of land-based empires?

  Gunpowder weapons
• How did centralized administration contribute to the expansion of empires?


  It improved bureaucratic systems for governing large territories.
• What are the three main Gunpowder Empires during the period 1450-1750?

  Mughal Empire, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire
• What characterized the Islamic empires during the period 1450-1750?


  Effective use of gunpowder weapons, centralized administration, and territorial expansion through military conquest
• What was the role of the Ming Dynasty in relation to Gunpowder Empires?


  The Ming Dynasty was an important East Asian empire, but it was not considered a Gunpowder Empire
• What were the factors contributing to imperial expansion during 1450-1750?

  • Military technology: Advancements in gunpowder weapons and artillery
  • Centralized administration: Improved bureaucratic systems
  • Economic motivations: Desire for control over trade routes and resources
  • Ideological factors: Religious or cultural missions
  • Population growth: Increased manpower for armies and colonization
• What was a significant economic motivation for the expansion of land-based empires during this period?


  Desire for control over trade routes and resources
• How did population growth contribute to imperial expansion between 1450 and 1750?


  It provided increased manpower for armies and colonization efforts
• What was one of the strategies used by the Ottoman Empire for expansion?


  Military conquest, such as their expansion into the Balkans
• How did the Qing Dynasty expand its territory?


  By incorporating diverse ethnic groups and conquering regions like Mongolia and Tibet
• What role did the Safavid Empire play in religious expansion during its period of influence?


  It promoted Shi'a Islam as the state religion
• What was a key feature of the Qing Dynasty's expansion strategy?


  Cultural assimilation and incorporation of diverse ethnic groups
• What was one of the economic strategies used by the Ottoman Empire?


  Control of trade routes
• How did the Safavid Empire distinguish itself from the Ottoman Empire?


  By establishing Shi'a Islam as the state religion
• What was the significance of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453?


  It demonstrated the effectiveness of gunpowder technology in military conquest
• What was the impact of centralized administration on imperial expansion?


  It improved bureaucratic systems for governing large territories
• How did advancements in military technology impact land-based empires during 1450-1750?


  They provided a military advantage, allowing empires to conquer new territories
• What was a common characteristic of the Gunpowder Empires?


  Effective use of gunpowder weapons
• How did diplomatic alliances contribute to imperial expansion?


  They helped expand influence through strategic marriages and alliances
• What was the role of economic control in the expansion strategies of empires?


  It allowed empires to dominate trade routes and resources
• Which empire was known for its gradual absorption of Siberian peoples?

  Russian Empire
• What was the significance of cultural assimilation in the Qing Dynasty's expansion?


  It allowed for the integration of diverse ethnic groups into a multi-ethnic state
• How did the strategies of the Mughal Empire differ from those of the Ottoman Empire?


  Mughal Empire focused on military conquest, while Ottoman Empire also emphasized cultural assimilation
• What was the impact of ideological factors on imperial expansion?


  They motivated empires to spread religious or cultural beliefs
• What was a key military achievement of the Ottoman Empire?


  The conquest of Constantinople in 1453
• How did the Safavid Empire's promotion of Shi'a Islam affect its expansion?


  It helped to establish a distinct identity and justify territorial claims
• What were the overlapping strategies used by different empires for expansion?

  Military conquest, cultural assimilation, economic control, religious expansion, and diplomatic alliances