B4.1

• Why is energy essential for organisms?

  It is needed for essential processes like breaking down and synthesizing organic molecules, transporting substances, and movement.
• What do producers do with energy from the Sun?

  They convert it into glucose through photosynthesis.
• What type of process is photosynthesis?

  It is an endothermic process.
• How is glucose used in life processes?

  It is used to produce energy through respiration.
• Can humans photosynthesize glucose?

  No, humans cannot photosynthesize glucose.
• What do humans need to obtain glucose?

  They need biomass.
• What type of respiration uses glucose in humans?

  Aerobic respiration.
• What does aerobic respiration produce from glucose?

  It produces ATP.
• What is the process of aerobic respiration in terms of energy?

  It is an exothermic process that releases energy.
• How many ATP are produced during aerobic respiration?

  38 ATP.
• Where does aerobic respiration occur in cells?

  It occurs in the mitochondria.
• What adaptations do mitochondria have for aerobic respiration?

  They have folded cristae which increase surface area.
• What are the byproducts of aerobic respiration?

  Carbon dioxide and ATP.
• What occurs during anaerobic respiration?

  It occurs when there is a lack of oxygen.
• How many ATP are produced during anaerobic respiration?

  Only 2 ATP.
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur in humans?

  It occurs in the cytoplasm.
• What does anaerobic respiration produce in humans?

  It produces lactic acid and ATP.
• What do anaerobic respiration produce in bacteria and yeast?

  It produces lactic acid and ethanol.
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic produces 38 ATP; anaerobic produces only 2 ATP.
  • Aerobic occurs in mitochondria; anaerobic occurs in cytoplasm.
  • Byproducts of aerobic are carbon dioxide and ATP; anaerobic produces lactic acid and ethanol (in yeast).