Short Ans + Essay like Q

• What significant event occurred in 70 AD regarding the Jewish temple?

  The temple was destroyed.
• Who destroyed the Jewish temple in 70 AD?

  The Romans destroyed it.
• What were the reasons for the destruction of the temple?

  There were many fights which led to its destruction.
• What was the impact of the temple's destruction on the Jewish community?

  Jews scattered, and the Jewish calendar was created due to the lack of a central temple.
• What new places of worship were built after the temple's destruction?

  Synagogues were built.
• What roles did rabbis and high priests take on after the temple's destruction?

  They became teachers.
• Who was Sabbatai Zevi?

  He was a rabbi.
• What claim did Sabbatai Zevi make that gained him followers?

  He claimed to be the messiah.
• What happened to Sabbatai Zevi that affected his followers?

  He was forced to convert to Islam.
• Who was Nathan of Gaza and what did he do regarding Sabbatai Zevi?

  Nathan of Gaza convinced people that Sabbatai Zevi was the messiah.
• What was the significance of Sabbatai Zevi's claim in Jewish history?

  It marked the loss of faith in a coming messiah and the start of Reform Judaism.
• Was Martin Luther considered racist?

  No, he was not racist.
• Why was Martin Luther not considered racist?

  He was not against Jews from an ethnic point of view, but from a religious perspective.
• What was the Holocaust and why is it significant for modern Jewish culture?

  The Holocaust caused Jews to scatter and significantly impacted their cultural identity.
• What was one of the outcomes of the Holocaust regarding Jewish migration?

  Many Jews came to America.
• How did the Holocaust influence the development of Reform Judaism?

  It marked the start of Reform Judaism.
• What effect did the Holocaust have on the bonds among older generations of Jews?

  It strengthened the bonds among the older generation of Jews.
• How did the beliefs of the younger generation of Jews who moved to the US differ after the Holocaust?

  They began to believe in Reform Judaism.
• Reform Judaism 

  • Language: Mostly in English 
  • Tradition: Emphasizes individual choice modern interpretation of Jewish laws.
  • Gender Roles: Gender equality is fully embraced
• Conservative Judaism

  • Language: Services are in Hebrew and the local language 
  • Tradition: Balances traditional Jewish laws with modern adaptations.
  • Gender Roles: Increasing gender equality; women can serve as rabbis and lead services
• Orthodox Judaism

  • Language: Services are almost entirely in Hebrew
  • Tradition: Follows traditional Jewish laws strictly; little adaptation to modernization
  • Gender Roles: Emphasizes mystical connection and joyful worship, with strict adherence to Jewish law.
• Hasidism

  • Language: Service is in Hebrew
  • Tradition: Follows traditional gender roles; separate seating for men and women; only men leading services
  • Gender Roles: Follows traditional gender roles;  with emphasis on community leadership under a Rebbe.