Lesson 21- 30 yr10

• What are the 2 barriers that prevent us from infection?

  physical and chemical barrier
• How does lifestyle affect health according to the study material?

  Poor lifestyle choices can lead to diseases like diabetes
• What is a casual mechanism mentioned in the study material?

  It refers to how certain factors increase the risk of diseases
• What is a consequence of smoking mentioned in the study material?

  It stops oxygen from reaching blood cells
• What does good health encompass according to the study material?

  Good health is a state of physical and mental well-being
• Why are diseases common according to the study material?

  Diseases are common due to poor health and lifestyle choices
• What is the role of the circulatory system?

  The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
• What is the surface area to volume ratio for a cube with a side length of 2 cm?

  1. 1
• What is the surface area to volume ratio for a cube with a side length of 5 cm?

  1. 1
• What is the surface area to volume ratio for a cube with a side length of 7 cm?

  0.86
• What are the four organs in a plant and their functions?

  • Translocation: movement of sugar
  • Transpiration: movement of water
• What is the function of root hair cells in plants?

  Root hair cells increase surface area for water absorption
• How does water move into root hair cells?

  Water moves into root hair cells by osmosis
• What is the role of stomata in plants?

  Stomata allow gases to exchange in plants
• What are the tests for different substances and their results?

  • Starch: Iodine solution → Blue/black solution
  • Simple Sugars: Benedict’s solution → Brick red precipitate
  • Lipids: Mix with ethanol → Cloudy emulsion
  • Proteins: Add Biuret solution → Lilac/light purple solution
• What is a chemical barrier in the immune system?

  A chemical barrier kills pathogens chemically, like stomach acid
• What is the role of phagocytes in the immune system?

  Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
• What do lymphocytes do in the immune system?

  Lymphocytes produce antibodies specific to diseases
• What are the steps in drug development?

  1. Discovery and development
  2. Pre-clinical trials (testing on animals)
  3. Clinical trials (testing on humans)
  4. Approval by government
• What is aspirin and where is it found?

  Aspirin is a painkiller found in willow bark
• What is penicillin and where is it produced?

  Penicillin is an antibiotic produced by penicillium mold
• What is the purpose of vaccination?

  Vaccination introduces a drug to reduce disease effects
• What is herd immunity?

  Herd immunity occurs when a majority of people are vaccinated
• What are the three things tested in drug trials?

  Toxicity, efficiency, and dose
• What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?

  Memory cells help recognize new antigens
• What is drug synthesis?

  Drug synthesis is the process of making molecules in a lab
• What is the significance of clinical trials?

  Clinical trials test drugs on humans for safety and effectiveness
• What is the purpose of pre-clinical trials?

  Pre-clinical trials test drugs on animals for efficiency and side effects
• What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

  Antibodies bind to antigens to help destroy pathogens