Respiration

• What is the primary source of energy for most organisms?

  Molecules of glucose
• What is cellular respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction that transfers energy from glucose.
• Where does cellular respiration occur in living cells?

  In the mitochondria
• What does the term "exothermic" mean in the context of respiration?

  It means that the reaction releases energy.
• What are three examples of how organisms use energy?

  • Building larger molecules from smaller ones (e.g., proteins from amino acids)
  • Muscular contraction for movement
  • Maintaining body temperature
• What is metabolism?

  It is the combination of all chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
• What is the key condition for aerobic respiration to occur?

  There must be enough oxygen present.
• How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration in terms of efficiency?

  Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration.
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
• What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration in symbols?

  C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 → 6CO_2 + 6H_2O
• Why do we prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

  Because aerobic respiration fully breaks down glucose and is more efficient.
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → Lactic Acid
• What are the two main problems with anaerobic respiration?

  Incomplete breakdown of glucose and lactic acid buildup.
• How does anaerobic respiration differ in plants and yeast compared to humans?

  It produces ethanol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid.
• What is fermentation in the context of yeast?

  It is the process where glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• How is fermentation utilized in industry?

  • Yeast is added to bread to produce carbon dioxide, making it light and fluffy.
  • Yeast is used to produce ethanol for beer and wine.
• What is the role of enzymes in cellular reactions?

  They catalyze most reactions in our cells.
• Why is it important to remove lactic acid after anaerobic respiration?

  Because lactic acid buildup can cause muscle fatigue.
• How does the process of photosynthesis relate to cellular respiration?

  Photosynthesis produces glucose, which is used in cellular respiration.