To make his studies objective, Wundt trained his participants in how to undertake introspection, eg: reflect consciously on their own experience. Then exposed them to a standardised scenario in which they were all given the same instructions and responded to the same sensory event (metronome) . Then conducted a systematic analysis of components parts of their experiences by breaking their responses down into elements like sensations, emotions and thoughts. Reported these by writing down their analysis during the process