MM & BRACHIAL PLEXUS

• What does the subcutaneous tissue contain?


  Fat
• What is the primary function of deep fascia?

  It compartmentalizes and invests muscles
• What are the types of deep fascia in the upper limb?

  • Pectoral fascia
  • Axillary fascia
  • Clavipectoral fascia
  • Deltoid fascia
  • Supraspinous fascia
  • Infraspinous fascia
  • Brachial fascia
  • Antebrachial fascia
  • Palmar fascia
• What muscle does the pectoral fascia invest?

  Pectoralis major
• What does the axillary fascia form?

  The axillary floor
• Which muscles does the clavipectoral fascia invest?

  Subclavius and pectoralis major
• What muscle does the deltoid fascia invest?

  Deltoid muscle
• What does the supraspinous fascia overlie?

  Supraspinatus
• What does the infraspinous fascia overlie?

  Infraspinatus
• What does the brachial fascia enclose?


  The arm
• What does the antebrachial fascia enclose?

  The forearm
• What are the functions of the antebrachial fascia?

  • Encloses the forearm
  • Forms intermuscular septa
  • Forms extensor retinaculum
  • Forms palmar carpal ligament
• What muscles connect the upper limb to the thoracic wall (axioappendicular)?

  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Pectoralis minor
  3. Subclavius
  4. Serratus anterior
• What is the function of the pectoralis major?


  Shoulder horizontal adductor
• What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

  Scapular anterior tilt
• What is the function of the subclavius?

  Clavicular depressor
• What is the function of the serratus anterior?

  Scapular protractor
• What muscles connect the upper limb to the vertebral column?

  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. Rhomboids
• What are the functions of the trapezius muscle?

  Upper trapezius (scapular elevator), middle trapezius (scapular retractor), lower trapezius (scapular depressor)
• What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

  Scapular depressor, shoulder internal rotator, and adductor
• What is the function of the levator scapulae?

  Scapular elevator
• What is the function of the rhomboids?

  Scapular downward rotator and retractor
• What muscles connect the scapula to the humerus (scapulohumeral)?

  1. Deltoid
  2. Teres major
  3. Supraspinatus
  4. Infraspinatus
  5. Teres minor
  6. Subscapularis
• What are the functions of the deltoid muscle?

  Anterior deltoid (shoulder flexor), middle deltoid (shoulder abductor), posterior deltoid (shoulder horizontal abductor)
• What is the function of the teres major?

  Shoulder extensor, internal rotator, and adductor
• What are the rotator cuff muscles?

  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
• What is the function of the supraspinatus?

  Shoulder abductor
• What is the function of the infraspinatus?

  Shoulder external rotator
• What is the function of the teres minor?

  Shoulder external rotator
• What is the function of the subscapularis?

  Shoulder internal rotator
• What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

  Stabilizes the shoulder joint anteriorly, posteriorly, and superiorly
• What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm?

  1. Biceps brachii
  2. Brachialis
  3. Coracobrachialis
• What muscle is in the posterior compartment of the arm?

  1. Triceps brachii
• What are the motor innervations of the arm?

  1. Musculocutaneous
  2. Radial
  3. Axillary
• What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)?

  1. Pronator teres
  2. Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
  3. Palmaris longus
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
• What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the forearm (intermediate)?

  1. Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
• What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the forearm (deep)?

  1. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
  2. Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
  3. Pronator quadratus
• What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm (superficial)?

  1. Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
  2. Extensor digitorum communis (EDC)
  3. Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
  4. Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
• What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the forearm (deep)?

  1. Supinator
  2. Extensor indicis proprius (EIP)
  3. Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
  4. Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
  5. Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
• What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the forearm?

  1. Brachioradialis
  2. Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)