B6 - Life on Earth - past and present

Created by

Daniel Austin

Cards (46)

What increases advantageous phenotypes?
natural selection
What causes natural selection?
a mutation in the DNA
How are desirable characteristics passed down? 
genetic inheritance
What does natural selection leads to  
evolution of species
What is evolution?
changes in inherited characteristics over several generations
What is it called when a new species forms?
speciation
What does speed of evolution rely on? 
how quickly reproduction occurs
What observations did Darwin make on his voyage? 
variation in members of the same species could be passed on to offspring
What observations did Darwin make on his voyage? 
variation in members of the same species could be passed on to offspring
What was wallace's observations? 
came up with natural selection, independent of Darwin, he also proposed that evolution by natural selection might lead to the development of a new species
What was darwin's famous book called and when was it published? 
on the origin of species, 1859
What has the acceptance of evolution done to modern biology? 
classification, finishing courses of drugs to stop antibiotic resistance, conservation
What is the first stage of classification?
Kingdom
What are the further stages of classification?
Phylum, class, order, family, genus , species
What is the acronym to remember classification 
King Philip could obviously form great society
What do scientists use to show how species are related to each other? 
evolutionary trees
What do scientists use to show how species are related to each other? 
evolutionary trees
What is a limitation of classifying organisms based only on physical appearance? 
may have genetic differences and not actually be related even though they look it
What is food security? 
everyone has access to safe food that has the right balance of nutrition
What factors affect food security?
Environment change
new pests and pathogens
sustainability
changing diets in wealthier populations
What are some methods to improve food security
improved diet
chemical control of pests
protection against pathogens
hormones
selective breeding
What affects the distribution of organisms?
environmental changes
What are the 2 environmental changes that affect biodiversity? 
atmospheric gases, availability of water
What are the 2 environmental changes that affect biodiversity? 
atmospheric gases, availability of water
What can be done to maintain biodiversity?
protecting human food supply
minimal damage to food chains
providing future medicines
providing industrial materials and fuels
What makes maintaining biodiversity difficult?
economic issues
moral issues
political issues
ecological issues
What is selective breeding? 
mating the best organisms with desirable characteristics to then be passed on to the 'perfect' offspring that has these characteristics
What are benefits of selective breeding? 
maximum yield, disease resistance
What does selective breeding cause a lack of? 
genetic variation
What is inbreeding? 
When farmers breed the best plants and animals
What is a problem with selective breeding? 
if one organism develops a new disease, then all the rest of the animals are likely to get it too as they are closely the same genetically
What are the two types of reproduction
Asexual and sexual
What are advantages of sexual reproduction 
Create genetic variation
What are disadvantages of sexual reproduction 
It takes time and energy and fewer offspring is created. It also requires two parents
What are advantages of asexual reproduction 
Lots of offspring quickly and only one parent is needed
What are disadvantages of asexual reproduction 
No genetic variation so diseases will affect all organisms
What is biodiversity 
Variety of life in an area
What three factors make up biodiversity
diversity of organisms in an area
diversity of genes and alleles in an area
diversity of ecosystems in an area
What does human interaction do to biodiversity
It reduces it
what human actions reduced by diversity
globalisation and industrialization