P1

• Energy is transferred between stores and stored in energy stores

  the types of energy stores are:

  • thermal energy, chemical energy, elastic potential energy, GPE, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear
  • work done = energy transferred
• specific heat capacity = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1KG of substance by 1 degree

  different materials have different heat capacities
• conservation of energy = energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but energy cannot be created or destroyed

  power is the rate of doing work and measured in watts
• conduction is where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles (solids)

  convection is where energetic particles move away form hot to cool regions

  lubrication reduced frictional force

  insulation reduces the rate of energy transfer
• non-renewable energy resources will run out one day and cause damage to environment: fossil fuels

  renewable energy resources will never run out but are unreliable + less efficient: solar, wind, hydroelectricity, biofuel, geothermal
• Wind power = Lots of wind turbines + rotating blades that generate electricity, cause no pollution but are noisy and have high initial cost

  solar power = generate electric Current from sunlight at a relative small scale, used in sunny places but high initial cost

  geothermal power = energy from underground, free energy but no suitable location
• hydroelectric power = water falls through dam, turns turbine which generates electricity, cheap but large area required
• biofuels = made from plants, renewable but land must be cleared for crops so not sustainable