applied anatomy and physiology

• How many bones make up the human skeleton?

  206 bones
• What is the role of bones in the musculoskeletal system?

  They provide structure and function to the body.
• What are the key bones to be aware of in the human body?

  • Cranium
  • Humerus
  • Ulna
  • Sternum
  • Patella
  • Fibula
  • Talus
  • Vertebrae
  • Scapula
  • Radius
  • Ribs
  • Pelvis
  • Femur
  • Tibia
• What are the five functions of the skeleton?

  1. Structure & support
  2. Protection of vital organs
  3. Movement
  4. Mineral storage
  5. Blood cell production
• What is one function of the skeleton related to movement?

  Bones act as levers for muscles to allow the body to move.
• How do bones protect vital organs?

  Different types of bones shield organs like the heart, brain, and lungs.
• What do bones store in the body?

  Minerals such as calcium and phosphate.
• What is produced in the bone marrow?

  Blood cells are created in the bone marrow.
• How does the skeletal system facilitate movement?

  • Provides a framework for movement
  • Allows movement at joints
  • Shape and type of bones determine movement
  • Flat bones protect vital organs
  • Different joints allow various movements
  • Serves as attachment points for muscles
• What are the classifications of bones?

  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
• What is the function of long bones?

  They are used in most movements like running and throwing.
• What is the function of short bones?

  They help grip and balance, enabling fine movements.
• What is the function of flat bones?

  They are important for the protection of vital organs.
• What are irregular bones and where are they found?

  Irregular bones have an irregular shape and are found in the face and spine.
• Match the classification of bones to examples.

  • Long: Humerus, Ulna, Tibia, Fibula, Radius, Femur, Phalanges, Metatarsals
  • Short: Carpals, Tarsals, Patella
  • Flat: Cranium, Clavicle, Scapula, Sternum, Ribs
  • Irregular: Vertebrae, Jawbone
• What are the important bones in the head and neck?

  The cranium and the vertebrae.
• What is the function of the cranium?

  It offers protection for the brain.
• What do the vertebrae protect?

  They protect the spinal cord.
• What is the role of the scapula in the shoulder?

  It attaches the upper arm to the trunk, allowing arm movement.
• What is the function of the humerus?

  It is a long bone located between the elbow and shoulder joints.
• What are the important bones in the chest?

  • Sternum: forms the front of the rib cage, protecting the lungs and heart.
  • Ribs: provide protection for vital organs and support the chest structure.
• What does the sternum protect?

  It protects the lungs and heart.
• How do the ribs support the upper body?

  They provide protection for vital organs and support the chest structure.
• What sporting actions can the chest bones help perform?

  They allow actions like receiving body shots.
• The heart is located between the lungs, with its base on the left side.
• What are the important bones in the elbow?

  The humerus, radius, and ulna
• How does the ulna function at the elbow joint?

  It allows rotation of the forearm
• What is the primary connection of the radius?

  It connects with the wrist joint
• What sporting actions do the elbow bones facilitate?

  They allow effective throwing actions
• What are the important bones in the hip?

  The pelvis and the femur
• What is the role of the pelvis in the body?

  It connects the spine to the lower limbs and offers a location for many muscles
• What is the strongest and longest bone in the body?

  The femur
• How does the femur function in relation to the pelvis?

  It transmits force from the tibia to the hip joint
• What sporting actions do the hip bones facilitate?

  They allow jogging and running
• What are the important bones in the knee?

  The femur and the tibia
• What is the role of the tibia in the knee joint?

  It bears most of the body's weight and absorbs shock
• What sporting actions do the knee bones facilitate?

  They allow efficient kicking of a football
• What are the important bones in the ankle?

  The tibia, fibula, and talus
• What is the role of the fibula in the ankle?


  It stabilizes the ankle and supports the muscles in the lower leg
• How does the talus function in the ankle?


  It connects the foot with the lower leg