gas geyer pdf

• What is a characteristic of gases regarding their shape and volume?

  Gases uniformly fill any container.
• How do gases interact with each other in a container?

  Gases mix completely with any other gas.
• What do gases exert on their surroundings?

  Gases exert pressure on their surroundings.
• How is pressure defined in terms of force and area?

  Pressure is equal to the force per unit area.
• What are the SI units for pressure?

  SI units for pressure are Newton/meter$^2$, which equals 1 Pascal (Pa).
• What is the equivalent of 1 standard atmosphere in Pascals?

  1 standard atmosphere = 101,325 Pa.
• How many mm Hg are in 1 atm?

  1 atm = 760 mm Hg.
• What happens when a gas in a container moves around?

  The gas collides with the sides of the container, creating pressure.
• What does a barometer measure?

  A barometer measures atmospheric pressure.
• What is the height of the mercury column that a standard atmosphere can support?

  The height of the mercury column is 760 mmHg.
• What is Boyle's Law about the relationship between pressure and volume?

  Boyle's Law states that pressure and volume are inversely related.
• What must remain constant for Boyle's Law to apply?

  Temperature must be constant.
• How can Boyle's Law be expressed with two sets of conditions?

  $P_1V_1 =$$P_2V_2$
• What does Charles' Law state about the relationship between volume and temperature?

  Charles' Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
• What must remain constant for Charles' Law to apply?

  Pressure must be constant.
• What does Gay-Lussac's Law state about pressure and temperature?

  Gay-Lussac's Law states that pressure and absolute temperature are directly related.
• What must remain constant for Gay-Lussac's Law to apply?

  Volume must be constant.
• What is the Ideal Gas Law equation?

  $PV =$$nRT$
• What does each variable in the Ideal Gas Law represent?

  P = pressure, V = volume, n = number of moles, R = ideal gas constant, T = temperature.
• What is the value of the ideal gas constant R?

  R = 0.08206 L atm K$^{-1}$ mol$^{-1}$.
• How can gas density and molar mass be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law?

  Gas density and molar mass can be calculated using $PV =$$nRT$.
• What is the density of ammonia at 23°C and 735 torr?

  Use the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the density.
• How do you find the molecular formula of a compound with empirical formula CHCl given its mass and conditions?

  Use the Ideal Gas Law with the given conditions to find the molecular formula.
• What is an ideal gas?

  An ideal gas is a hypothetical substance that follows gas laws perfectly.
• What are the conditions for gases to approach ideal behavior?

  Gases approach ideal behavior at low pressure and high temperature.
• How does the size of a gas molecule affect its behavior as an ideal gas?

  The smaller the gas, the more it will behave like an ideal gas.
• What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state about a mixture of gases?

  Dalton's Law states that the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases.
• How can you calculate the total pressure of a mixture of gases?

  $P_{\text{total}} =$$P_1 +$$P_2 +$$P_3 +$$\ldots$
• How is the partial pressure of one gas in a mixture calculated?

  The partial pressure of one gas is calculated as $P_1 =$$X_1 P_{\text{total}}$, where $X_1$ is the mole fraction.
• If the partial pressure of nitrogen in air is 592 torr and the air pressure is 752 torr, what is the mole fraction of nitrogen?

  Calculate the mole fraction using $X =$$\frac{\text{moles of nitrogen}}{\text{total moles of gas}}$.
• What is the partial pressure of nitrogen if the container holding the air is compressed to 5.25 atm?


  Use the relationship between partial pressure and total pressure to find the answer.
• When valves are opened in a gas mixture, how do you find each partial pressure and the total pressure?

  Calculate each gas's contribution to the total pressure based on their volumes.
• What is vapor pressure in relation to gases?

  Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor of a substance in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form.
• Why must the vapor pressure of water be subtracted when collecting gases over water?

  The vapor pressure of water must be subtracted from the total pressure to find the pressure of the gas collected.
• How do you calculate the volume of O$_2$ collected over water at a given total pressure and temperature?


  Use the Ideal Gas Law and subtract the vapor pressure of water from the total pressure.
• What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory state about the volume of individual gas particles?

  The volume of individual particles is about zero.
• How do collisions of gas particles with container walls relate to pressure?

  Collisions of particles with container walls cause the pressure exerted by the gas.
• What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory say about the forces between gas particles?

  Particles exert no forces on each other.
• How is the average kinetic energy of gas particles related to temperature?

  The average kinetic energy is proportional to the Kelvin temperature of a gas.
• What is diffusion in the context of gases?


  Diffusion describes the mixing of gases.