Ecology

• Define species?

  A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring that can mate with each other
• Morphological Classification is based on?

  Observable characteristics
• Binomial nomenclature is based on?


  Genus & species
• Describe function of gene flow? 


  Holds the gene pools of populations together and allows them to continue to reproduce with one another
• What occurs if a population is isolated

  • Limited gene flow
  • reproductive isolation
  • speciation
• Define population


  a group of individuals of the same species in same area at the same time. They; rely on the same resources, interact, and interbreed
• Compare and contrast species vs populations 


  Subjective, as populations is much larger
• Define speciation


  the process by which development of new species from pre-existing species over time
• Changes in environment will cause migration and allow a population to move and mate to organisms in a new environment, causing a divergence of genetic/phenotypic clustering
• Organisms with different numbers of chromosomes are unlikely to be able to interbreed successfully
• Loci is the genetic address
• Karyogram is a visual display of chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and banding pattern
• Outline functions of karyogram


  • identify aneuploidic conditions
  • chromosomal abberations
• Identify how chromosome 2 provides evidence of fusion 


  • Banding pattern matches two separate chromosomes in apes
  • Centromere location does not correlate with the humans
• Define genome 


  entire genetic material of an organism
• Define SNPs


  Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, idkidk
• Pseudogenes are present and considered leftovers of once functional genes that have acquired too many insertions or deletions
• Outline the process of transcription of pseudogenes 


  Pseudogenes are transcribed into non-coding RNA thus it cannot be translated
• Human Genome Project sequencing factories were generating DNA sequences at a rate of 1000 nucleotides per second 24/7, its a database, they were able to identify the millions of base pairs in chromosomes
• Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a method for analyzing entire genomes
• Applications of WGS 


  • availability to all patients
  • infectious disease monitoring
  • cancer treatments