chapter 7

• ethnocentrism


  the belief that one's own culture is superior to others (thinking their culture is better than all others)
• ethnic-cleansing


  the practice of forcibly removing or killing members of a particular ethnic or religious group from a specific area to create a more homogenous population
• genocide


  the intentional and coordinated effort to eliminate a specific group of people based on their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race
• ethnic-enclave


  a distinct geographic area where members of a specific ethnic group live, maintaining their cultural identity and practices
• ethnic-neighborhoods


  areas within a city or region where people from a specific ethnic group cluster together, often due to shared cultural, social, or economic ties
• segregation


  the practice of separating individuals or groups from each other based on certain characteristics (race, ethnicity, religion), often resulting in unequal access to resources and opportunities
• centripetal-force


  any influence that helps to unify a group or a state, fostering a sense of belonging and togetherness among its members
• centrifugal-force


  any influence that promotes division, conflict, or fragmentation within a group or state, making it harder for people to feel united
• apartheid


  a legal system in south africa that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against non-white populations, particularly black south africans
• balkanization


  the division of a region into smaller, often conflicting, groups or states, typically along ethnic or national lines, leading to instability and conflict
• nationalism


  a sense of pride and loyalty toward one's nation or ethnic group, often characterized by the desire for self-determination and political sovereignty
• race


  the classification of people based on physical characteristics, particularly skin color, facial features, and hair type
• ethnicity


  a social construct that categorizes people based on shared cultural traits, such as language, religion, traditions, and history
• racism


  the belief that one race is inherently superior to another, leading to discrimination and prejudice against people based on their racial background
• blockbusting


  a real estate practice where agents create fear among white homeowners that racial or ethnic minorities are moving into the area, leading to a decline in property values and encouraging them to sell quickly and cheaply
• diaspora


  the movement, migration, or scattering of a group of people away from their homeland, often maintaining connections to their culture and identity despite being dispersed
• sequent-occupancy


  the concept that successive groups of people settle in an area, each contributing to the cultural landscape and leaving their traces of occupancy
• neolocalism


  a cultural movement that seeks to promote and preserve local traditions, practices, and identities in response to globalization and the homogenization of culture