Betty Neuman (Systems Model)

• Who developed the Neuman systems model in nursing practice?

  Betty Neuman
• What is the primary focus of the Neuman systems model?

  The client's reaction to stressors
• What are the five concepts of the Neuman systems model?

  Physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual
• How do the concepts in the Neuman systems model interact?

  They interact with internal and external environmental factors and levels of prevention
• What does Neuman consider as stressors?

  Any internal and external factors affecting the patient's stability
• What is the role of nursing in the Neuman systems model?

  To stabilize the patient or situation
• What is the first step when applying the Neuman systems model?

  Assess the stressor and the patient’s response
• How does Neuman define health?

  As a condition where all parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole of the client
• What is the concept of a whole person in Neuman's theory?

  It emphasizes an open system approach to health
• What is the goal of the Neuman systems model?

  To provide a holistic overview of human beings' aspects
• What are the two major components of the Neuman systems model?

  Stress and the reaction to stress
• How is the client viewed in the Neuman systems model?

  As an open system with dynamic interactions
• What are the five person variables in the Neuman model?

  Physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental
• What does the central core of the Neuman model consist of?

  Basic survival factors common to the species
• What is the function of the flexible line of defense?

  To act as a cushion for the normal line of defense
• What does the normal line of defense represent?

  The usual level of stability in the system
• What activates the lines of resistance?

  When environmental stressors invade the normal line of defense
• What is reconstitution in the Neuman systems model?

  The increase in energy related to the degree of reaction to the stressor
• How does the Neuman systems model categorize stressors?

  As intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal
• What is the primary nursing intervention according to Neuman's model?

  Prevention
• What is primary prevention in the Neuman systems model?

  Prevention that occurs before the system reacts to a stressor
• What does secondary prevention focus on?

  Preventing damage to the central core after the system reacts
• What is tertiary prevention in the Neuman systems model?

  Support offered after the system has been treated through secondary prevention
• When was Imogene King born?

  January 30, 1923
• What degree did Imogene King earn in 1961?

  Doctoral of education degree