criticisms of dualism

• what does neuroscience tell us?

  that the mind depends on the brain
• if the brain is physically damaged then...?

  ones personality may change
• what is an example of this?

  Phineas Gage
• explain it:

  Gage's skull was directly impaled by an iron rod, after surviving this traumatic event, his personality completely shifted
• how was Gage described before the accident?

  responsible, well-liked and sociable
• however, how was Gage described after the accident?

  impulsive, irritable and irresponsible
• Gage serves as an example of what?

  the connection between brain injuries and changes in personality
• anything that effects the body...?

  also effects the mind
• so, what can consciousness now be explained by?

  neuroscience
• so, beliefes about the soul are...?

  outdated
• advancements in understanding the workings of the brain go against Descartes' theory of what?

  interactionism
• Descartes believed that the mind meets the body wheere?

  in the pineal gland
• however, it has now been shown that he was incorrect about the pineal gland, how?

  we now know that the pineal gland aids sleep, through the production of melatonin
• materialists argue that consciousness being explained by physical and material events is...?

  the simplest explanation
• what would this comply with?

  Ockam's Razor
• that does ockam's razor say?

  "do not multiply entities beyond necessity"
• what does Swinburne say that also supports this?

  "simplicity is often evidence for truth"