Metals

• What is the general reaction for the formation of metal oxides?


  Metals + oxygen -> metal oxides
• Why are these reactions called oxidation reactions?


  Because the metals gain oxygen
• What is the definition of reduction in terms of oxygen?


  Reduction is the loss of oxygen
• What is the definition of oxidation in terms of oxygen?


  Oxidation is the gain of oxygen
• What happens to metal atoms when they react with other substances?


  Metal atoms form positive ions
• How is the reactivity of a metal related to its ions?


  The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive ions
• What is the order of metals in the reactivity series based on their reactions with water and dilute acids?


  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Lithium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Zinc
  • Iron
  • Copper
• How does potassium react with water?


  Potassium reacts violently with water
• How does sodium react with water?


  Sodium reacts very quickly with water
• How does lithium react with water?


  Lithium reacts quickly with water
• How does calcium react with water?


  Calcium reacts more slowly with water
• How does calcium react with dilute acid?


  Calcium reacts very quickly with dilute acid
• How does magnesium react with dilute acid?


  Magnesium reacts quickly with dilute acid
• How does zinc react with dilute acid?


  Zinc reacts fairly slowly with dilute acid
• How does iron react with dilute acid?


  Iron reacts more slowly with dilute acid
• How does copper react with dilute acid?


  Copper reacts very slowly with dilute acid
• Which non-metals are often included in the reactivity series?


  Hydrogen and carbon
• What can a more reactive metal do to a less reactive metal?


  A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from a compound
• Why is gold found in the Earth as the metal itself?


  Because it is very unreactive
• How are most metals found in the Earth?


  Most metals are found as compounds
• How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?


  By reduction with carbon
• What does reduction involve in terms of oxygen?


  Reduction involves the loss of oxygen
• What does the acronym OIL RIG stand for?


  • O: Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons)
  • R: Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)
• What should the charges on each side of an ionic equation do?


  The charges should add up to the same number