The nervous system L1

• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

  The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

  
• What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

  The brain and the spinal cord

  
• What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?

  It consists of all other nerves in the body

  
• What are the two main components of the peripheral nervous system?

  The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
• What does the autonomic nervous system control?

  Involuntary bodily functions such as heartbeat and digestion
• What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

  The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
• What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  It controls the fight-or-flight response
• What is the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system?

  Noradrenaline
• What effects does the sympathetic nervous system have on the body?

  Increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels and pupils, and slows down non-emergency processes
• What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  It is concerned with the rest and digest response
• What is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  Acetylcholine
• What are the main areas of the brain?

  The cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem
• What is the function of the cerebrum?

  It is involved in thought and speech production
• What is the role of the cerebellum?

  It is responsible for balance and coordination
• What does the diencephalon consist of?

  The thalamus and hypothalamus
• What is the function of the thalamus?

  It relays impulses from sensory neurons
• What is the function of the hypothalamus?

  It regulates body temperature and homeostatic functions
• What is the corpus callosum?

  It connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres
• What are the four lobes of the cerebrum and their functions?

  Frontal lobe (thought and speech), occipital lobe (visual processing)
• What happens during the fight-or-flight response?

  Pupil size increases, bronchial tubes dilate, heart rate increases, and glycogen is converted to glucose
• What is the effect of SNS activation on the body?

  Increased pupil size, heart rate, and oxygen intake
• What is the significance of the case study mentioned about the 24-year-old woman?

  It illustrates how a deficiency in the brain can lead to motor symptoms
• What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

  The part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and spinal cord

  
• What is the role of sensory neurons in the nervous system?

  They carry sensory information to the CNS
• What is the role of motor neurons in the nervous system?

  They carry motor information from the CNS to muscles and glands
• What is the function of the spinal cord?

  It relays simple reflexes without brain involvement
• What is the effect of adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla?

  It stimulates the fight-or-flight response
• How does the sympathetic nervous system affect blood flow?

  It increases blood flow to skeletal muscles
• What happens to glycogen stored in the liver during the fight-or-flight response?

  It is converted to glucose for energy
• What is the role of sweat glands during the fight-or-flight response?

  They are stimulated to produce more sweat
• What is the relationship between the CNS and PNS?

  The CNS processes information while the PNS carries information to and from the CNS
• What is the significance of the sensory receptors in the nervous system?

  They receive information from the sense organs
• How do simple reflexes operate in the nervous system?

  They are relayed via the spinal cord without brain involvement
• What is the role of the brain stem?

  It regulates autonomic functions like breathing and heartbeat
• What is the function of the occipital lobe?

  It is responsible for visual processing
• What is the function of the frontal lobe?

  It is involved in thought and speech production
• What is the role of the cerebellum in the nervous system?

  It coordinates balance and movement
• What is the function of the thalamus in the diencephalon?

  It relays sensory impulses to the appropriate areas of the brain
• How does the hypothalamus contribute to homeostasis?

  It regulates body temperature and other homeostatic functions
• What is the role of the pituitary gland in relation to the hypothalamus?

  It links the hypothalamus to the endocrine system