The endocrine system L3

• What do endocrine glands produce?

  Hormones
• Where are the adrenal glands located?

  On top of the kidneys
• What is the function of cortisol?

  It regulates important cardiovascular functions in the body
• What hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

  Cortisol
• What triggers an increase in cortisol production?

  Stress
• What happens if cortisol levels are low?

  The individual may experience low blood pressure and poor immune function
• How does adrenaline help the body during stress?

  It increases heart rate and blood flow to muscles and brain
• What is the role of noradrenaline in the body?

  It constricts blood vessels, increasing blood pressure
• What are the main functions of the pituitary gland?

  • Controlled by the hypothalamus
  • Regulates many body functions
  • Releases hormones that control other endocrine glands
• What hormone does the hypothalamus release to stimulate the pituitary gland?

  Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)
• What does the anterior pituitary release in response to CRH?

  Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
• What is the effect of increased cortisol concentration on CRH release?

  It slows down the release of CRH
• How do pituitary hormones affect males and females differently?

  They stimulate different reproductive hormones in each sex
• What hormones do FSH and LH stimulate in females?

  Oestrogen and progesterone
• What hormones do FSH and LH stimulate in males?

  Testosterone and sperm production
• What does the posterior pituitary release?

  Oxytocin
• What role does oxytocin play in females?

  It stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth
• How does oxytocin function in males?

  It plays a role in sexual behavior
• What are the effects of prolonged exposure to stress on the body?

  • Increased adverse effects of cortisol
  • Higher risk of stress-related illnesses
  • Potential for long-term health issues
• What is the relationship between cortisol levels and stress management?

  Monitoring cortisol levels limits the damaging effects of stress
• What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

  To release adrenaline and noradrenaline
• What is the role of hormones in the endocrine system?

  They act as messengers that regulate various body functions
• What is the effect of adrenaline on glycogen?

  It encourages the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
• How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis?

  Through negative feedback mechanisms
• What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

  It regulates the pituitary gland
• What is the significance of hormone regulation in the body?

  It ensures stable levels of hormones circulating in the blood