multistore memory

• What are the three stores of memory systems?

  Sensory, long-term, and short-term
• What unique characteristics do memory stores have?

  Information encoding, capacity, duration, and retrieval
• What type of sensory information does the echoic store process?

  Hearing
• How long does echoic memory last?

  A couple of seconds
• What type of sensory information does the iconic store process?

  Sight
• How long does iconic memory last?

  About one second
• What role does attention play in memory systems?

  Attention transfers information from sensory memory to short-term memory
• What did George and Miller (1956) find about short-term memory?

  Short-term memory is grouped and can store different types of information
• What is the nature of information storage in short-term memory?

  Modality-free
• How does rehearsal affect short-term memory?

  Rehearsal allows information to be held in short-term memory for longer
• What is the process of transfer in memory systems?

  Transfer occurs when information is rehearsed enough to move to long-term memory
• What is the capacity of long-term memory?

  Potentially limitless
• How does memory loss occur in the sensory store?

  Memory loss occurs when unattended information is lost
• How does memory loss occur in short-term memory?

  Short-term memory loses unrehearsed information
• How does memory loss occur in long-term memory?

  Long-term memory loses some information over time
• What is one strength of the memory systems theory?

  Research support from amnesia cases shows brain damage affects long-term memory
• What does the serial position effect (Murdock, 1962) suggest?

  People recall more words at the beginning and end of a word list
• What is a limitation of the memory systems theory regarding rehearsal?

  The theory overstates the role of rehearsal in transferring information
• What is another weakness of the memory systems theory?

  It assumes long-term memory is a single store, but there are likely multiple stores
• How did Clive Wearing's case illustrate a limitation of the memory systems theory?

  He suffered damage to personal event memory while retaining piano playing memory