bioenergetics

• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
• What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction or an exothermic reaction?

  Endothermic
• What type of system is known as hydroponics?

  Plants are grown in water with a perfect balance of nutrients instead of soil
• What is used in respiration to release energy?

  Glucose
• is glucose soluble or insoluble?

  soluble - can dissolve in water inside cells
• is starch soluble or insoluble?

  Insoluble - does not affect the water concentration of the cell
• If glucose is combined with nitrate ions what does it form?

  amino acids
• Amino acids can be joined together to make what?

  Proteins such as enzymes and collagen
• Glucose can be used to create what?

  Lipids
• What can lipids be used in?

  • Plant cell membranes
  • energy stores in seeds
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  Exothermic
• What's the word equation for respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen ->carbon dioxide + water + energy released
• What's the chemical equation for respiration?

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
• when energy is released during respiration, what does it used for?

  • chemical reactions to build large molecules
  • muscle contraction
  • active transport
  • maintain body temperature
• What happens to the glucose that is not used in respiration?

  Will be stored
• In plants many glucose molecules will join together to form what?

  Starch
• In animals lots of glucose molecules joined together to form what?

  Glycogen
• What are both starch and glycogen?

  Energy storage molecules
• Why is more respiration needed while exercising?

  Because the muscles need additional energy
• For more respiration to take place, what changes must occur?

  • Breathing rate increases to bring more oxygen into the body and remove the carbon dioxide produced
  • heart rate increases to supply the muscles with extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide produced
  • Glycogen reserves in the muscles are broken down to form glucose for respiration
• What releases more energy - aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration
• What's the word equation for an aerobic respiration In humans?

  Glucose -> lactic acid
• What do long periods of vigorous activity do to the muscles?

  • Fatigue
  • stop contracting efficiently
• How is lactic acid converted back into glucose?

  blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

  Glucose ->ethanol + carbon dioxide
• Why is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells important?

  Has an economic importance in manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks called fermentation
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
• What are some examples of metabolism?

  • Conversion of glucose to starch
  • Respiration
  • breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
  • The use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which are used to synthesise proteins