Beliefs and Concepts

• Organicism: Society as a complex, interdependent organism; changes in one area impact others, so change should be gradual and pragmatic.
• Tradition and Custom: Emphasizes the value of historical experience ("wisdom of the ages") to bind society across generations.
• Hierarchy: Natural social stratification based on differences in abilities; necessary for social harmony and functionality.
• 1. Paternalism (Noblesse Oblige): Elite leadership based on duty and responsibility; "soft paternalism" as leaders act in the best interests of society.