TRUMAN DOCTRINE

• On 12 march 1947, president truman made a speech outlining what?


  His fear for communism and his determination to stop it spreading
• What was the belief that if one country fell in europe the others would folllow?

  the domino theory
• What was the purpose of Truman's speech in 1947?


  It was a response to ongoing events in Europe.
• What was happening in Greece in 1947?


  Greece was in the grip of a civil war between the supporters of the former king and the Greek communists.
• What was the 'percentages agreement' reached by Churchill and Stalin in 1944?


  It stated that Greece was to remain largely in the Western sphere of influence.
• Why could Britain and the USA not accept communism in Greece?


  Because Greece was close to the center of Europe.
• What was Britain's initial response to the civil war in Greece?

  Britain initially gave financial backing to the king's supporters.
• Why could Britain's financial backing for Greece not continue indefinitely?

  There were fears that if the Soviets took control of neighbouring Turkey, it would give them access to the Mediterranean Sea.
• What was the Marshall Plan officially called?

  The European Recovery Program.
• What was the main aim of the Marshall Plan?

  To provide economic support for the countries of Europe to prevent them from becoming communist states.
• How did the American government view post-war Europe in relation to communism?

  They saw it as being at serious risk from communism due to poverty and hopelessness.
• How much money was divided among European countries through the Marshall Plan?

  $13.15 billion.
• What were the amounts of Marshall aid given to some key countries?

  • UK: $3.2 billion
  • France: $2.7 billion
  • Italy: $1.5 billion
  • West Germany: $1.4 billion
  • Greece: $694 million
• How did the American economy benefit from the Marshall Plan?

  It benefited from having prosperous countries to trade with.
• What was one requirement for countries receiving Marshall aid?

  They had to spend the money on American products.
• What was the impact of the Marshall Plan on communist parties in Western Europe?

  Economic recovery made communist parties less popular, although they remained active.
• How did the Marshall Plan affect the division of Europe?

  It brought unity to countries that accepted aid and entrenched the dividing line of the Iron Curtain.
• How did Stalin perceive the Marshall Plan?

  He saw it as a clear attempt by the USA to gain greater influence in Europe. Using dollar imperialism
• What was Comecon?


  It was a Soviet equivalent created in 1949 to provide support and bring economic stability to Eastern European countries.
• What was the main difference between the Marshall Plan and Comecon?

  The Marshall Plan involved one wealthy country supporting poorer ones, while Comecon aimed for equal partnership among Eastern European countries.
• What was Yugoslavia's unique reaction to the Marshall Plan?

  Yugoslavia did not join the Soviet bloc and had already broken free from Nazi control before the end of the war.
• Who was the leader of Yugoslavia during its unique reaction to the Marshall Plan?

  Tito was the leader who opposed the Soviet Union's influence.
• How did Yugoslavia's relationship with the Soviet Union change over time?

  Relations were good at first but soon deteriorated.
• What did Tito emphasize regarding Yugoslavia's stance?


  Tito emphasized Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet bloc.
• What was the significance of Yugoslavia's independent stance in Europe?

  It became the only European communist state outside the Iron Curtain.
• How much money and USA donated to Europe by 1953


  $17 billion