history civil rights movement gcse

• What major event contributed to changing attitudes towards racism after World War II?

  The Civil Rights Movement emerged in the 1950s.
• How did the economic power of African Americans influence the Civil Rights Movement?

  It forced the government to give them more attention.
• What role did black consciousness and organizations play in the Civil Rights Movement?

  They made it easier to campaign and boosted confidence among African Americans.
• What was a significant technological factor that contributed to the Civil Rights Movement?

  The rise of television.
• What were the key developments in the South during the Civil Rights Movement?

  • Many black people moved to cities, forming close communities.
  • Local groups like the Friendship Council were created.
  • Churches acted as focal points for communities and news exchange.
  • Leaders and clergymen emerged as influential figures.
• What characterized the North's response to the Civil Rights Movement?

  • Increased sense of black identity through newspapers and organizations.
  • Powerful black campaigners emerged, especially in universities.
  • Social and civic organizations improved welfare.
  • Mutual aid societies promoted pride and cultural revival.
• What were the two major civil rights organizations that began campaigning for change?

  NAACP and CORE.
• What was the focus of the NAACP when it was founded in 1909?

  Winning legal changes in courts and addressing segregation.
• What was the purpose of the NAACP's legal defense fund (LDF) during WWII?

  To connect and protect black people who witnessed injustices.
• How did the membership of the NAACP change during WWII?

  It grew from 50,000 members to 450,000.
• What was the significance of the Supreme Court ruling in Smith v. Allwright?

  It made it harder for states to stop black people from voting.
• What was the focus of CORE when it was founded in 1942?

  Non-violent direct action to publicize injustice.
• What were the key events surrounding the Little Rock High School integration in 1957?

  • 10 black students applied to integrate, known as the "Little Rock Nine."
  • Governor Faubus refused to integrate and used state troops to block entry.
  • President Eisenhower intervened by sending federal troops to ensure integration.
• What was the significance of the media coverage during the Little Rock integration crisis?

  It highlighted the widespread fear of integration and garnered national attention.
• What were the positive and negative outcomes of the Little Rock integration crisis?

  Positive:

  • National attention on integration issues.
  • Federal government intervention demonstrated power.

  
  

  Negative:

  • Showed Supreme Court rulings needed enforcement.
  • Continued resistance to integration in many areas.
• What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  A protest against racial segregation on public buses from 1955 to 1956.
• What were the key factors that contributed to the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  • Well-informed participants through leaflets and church services.
  • Coordination by the MIA and support from existing organizations.
  • The boycott lasted 381 days with 90% black support.
• What was the role of Rosa Parks in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  She became the figurehead for the campaign after refusing to give up her seat.
• What was the outcome of the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

  It ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional.
• What were the achievements and limitations of the Civil Rights Act passed on July 2, 1964?

  Achievements:

  • Banned discrimination based on race, religion, and sex.
  • Established voter registration laws.

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Some discrimination still allowed.
  • Difficult to enforce in practice.
• Who was Emmett Till and why was his murder significant?

  Emmett Till was a 14-year-old black boy murdered in Mississippi, igniting protests and activism.
• What were the tactics and beliefs of major civil rights organizations like NAACP, CORE, and SCLC?

  • NAACP: Legal challenges and defense fund.
  • CORE: Non-violent direct action and sit-ins.
  • SCLC: Non-violent direct action and mass mobilization.
• How did the Civil Rights Movement face opposition from groups like the KKK and Dixiecrats?

  They used violence and political power to resist civil rights advancements.
• What was the significance of the March on Washington in August 1963?

  • It was a massive protest for jobs and freedom.
  • Featured Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.
  • Garnered support for the Civil Rights bill.
• What was the aim of Freedom Summer in June 1964?

  To help black people in the South register to vote peacefully.
• What opposition did volunteers face during Freedom Summer?

  They faced violence and murder from the KKK.
• What was the outcome of the Civil Rights Act passed on July 2, 1964?

  It banned discrimination based on race, religion, and sex.
• What were the limitations of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

  • Some discrimination still allowed in private sectors.
  • Difficult to enforce voter registration laws.
  • Limited resources for the Equal Opportunities Commission.
• When was the Civil Rights Act passed?

  2nd July 1964
• Why was the Civil Rights Act passed?

  It was passed after years of campaigning and public opinion turning against segregation.
• Who signed the Civil Rights Act into law?

  President Johnson
• What were the main achievements of the Civil Rights Act?

  • Banned discrimination based on race, religion, sex, and country of birth
  • Established voter registration laws
  • Ensured access to public spaces (e.g. restaurants, auditoriums, hotels)
  • Created an Equal Opportunities Commission to enforce job equality
  • Allowed the Federal Government to reduce funding for discriminatory state projects
• What were the limitations of the Civil Rights Act?

  • Some discrimination still allowed in private schools, businesses, and housing
  • Difficult to enforce, especially voter registration
  • Limited resources for the Equal Opportunities Commission
  • Did not address economic issues for black people, such as housing and unemployment
• How did Kennedy and Johnson approach civil rights?

  They supported civil rights but balanced it with the wishes of less supportive voters and Southern Democrats.
• What significant action did Kennedy take regarding civil rights?

  He appointed black people to high-level jobs, including Thurgood Marshall.
• What was the Selma March about?

  The Selma March was about voting rights for black people in southern states.
• Why was Selma chosen for the protest?

  Only 1% of black people in Dallas County were registered to vote.
• What were the events of the Selma March?

  1. First march on January 10
  2. Second march on March 1
  3. Bloody Sunday with police violence
  4. Third march was peaceful and successful
  5. President Johnson's support for voting rights
• When was the Voting Rights Act passed?

  6th August 1965
• What did the Voting Rights Act introduce?

  A standard voting registration process across the USA.