Paper 1 - Physical

• a natural hazard is 


  an extreme natural event that threatens property and human life
• what are the 3 factors that affect a natural hazard 


  wealth, population density, location
• wealth- how rich or poor a country affecting how well it can prepare for a natural hazard
• population density- areas that have more people are more likely to be severely impacted
• location- how close to a volcano or epicentre affects the risk
• what are the three types of plate margin 


  constructive, conservative, destructive
• what is a constructive plate margin 


  two plates sliding past eachother
• what is a destructive plate margin 


  a oceanic crust subducting under a continental crust
• what is a constructive margin 


  two plates moving away from eachother
• what are the features of a constructive margin

  shield volcanoes, gentle earthquakes
• what are the features of a conservative margin 


  earthquakes
• what are the features of a destructive margin 


  powerful earthquakes and violent composite volcanoes
• what is an epicentre 


  the point on the surface directly above the focus
• what is a focus 


  the point in the earths crust is where the pressure is released
• what are seismic waves 


  the energy released in an earthquake
• what are the four sections of the earth called

  inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
• what are the two types of crust

  oceanic and continental
• what type of crust is heavier

  oceanic
• what type of crust is denser 


  oceanic
• how do crusts move

  convection currents, ridge push, slab pull
• what is the inner core made of 


  solid iron and nickel
• what is the outer core made of 


  molten iron and nickel
• not everywhere in the world is at a risk of tectonic hazards
• the mantle is molten rock
• nepal is an LIC
• Nepal ranks 162 out of 195 countries on GDP
• where did the nepal earthquake rank on the richter scale 


  7.8
• how many people died in the nepal earthquake 


  9000
• how many people where injured in the nepal earthquake 


  22,000
• a primary effect of the nepal earthquake was water tanks and pipes being destroyed
• nepal suffered $5 billion worth of damage
• a secondary effect in nepal was that 3 million where left homeless
• the tourist economy was impacted in nepal
• what percentage of people in nepal where still in shelters 2 years later 


  50%
• what was an immediate response to the nepal earthquake 


  $1 billion in aid
• what countries sent rescue teams to nepal 


  UK, India, China
• 1/2 million tents where sent from UNICEF to nepal
• what was a long term response to the earthquake in nepal 


  millions of homes rebuilt is stricter regulations
• how much money was sent to nepal from the asian development bank 


  $200 million
• an immediate response in chile was that emergency services acted quickly