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Olivia Warhurst
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Cards (55)
What are the learning objectives regarding tropical rainforests?
Characteristics of tropical rainforests,
interdependence
, and
adaptations
of plants and animals
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What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests?
Contains more animal
species
than any other ecosystem
Many
indigenous
people adapt by hunting, farming, and fishing
Most trees are
evergreen
Dense
vegetation
cover with little light reaching the forest floor
Presence of
epiphytes
Soil is not very fertile but has surface
nutrients
from decayed leaf fall
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What is the average temperature range in tropical rainforests?
Between
20
to
28
degrees Celsius
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Why is the climate in tropical rainforests consistent throughout the year?
Because the sun's energy is most intense near the
equator
and is overhead all
year round
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How much rainfall do tropical rainforests receive annually?
Around
2,000 millimeters
per year
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What does interdependence mean in the context of tropical rainforests?
All parts of an
ecosystem
depend on one another
A change in one part affects the
entire
system
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How do sucropia trees and azteca ants demonstrate interdependence?
Sucropia trees
provide food and shelter for azteca ants, while ants protect the trees from predators
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What are some adaptations of plants in tropical rainforests?
Lianas
: climb trees to reach sunlight
Tall and thin tree trunks: to access sunlight
Smooth bark
: allows water to flow easily
Drip tips
: help water run off leaves quickly
Buttress roots
: provide support for large trees
Epiphytes
: obtain nutrients from air and water
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What is the function of lianas in tropical rainforests?
They climb trees to reach sunlight
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Why do trees in tropical rainforests have smooth bark?
To allow water to flow down to the
roots
easily
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What is the purpose of drip tips on rainforest plants?
To allow
water
to
run
off
quickly without
damaging
the
leaves
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What are buttress roots and their function?
Large roots with ridges that create a large
surface area
to support large trees
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What are some adaptations of animals in tropical rainforests?
Sloth
: uses camouflage and moves slowly
Spider monkey
: has long strong limbs for climbing
Flying frog
: has webbed hands and feet for gliding
Toucan
: has a long bill to reach fruit on weak branches
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How does the sloth avoid predators in the rainforest?
By using
camouflage
and
moving slowly
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What adaptation helps the spider monkey navigate through the rainforest?
Long strong
limbs
for climbing trees
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How does the flying frog glide from plant to plant?
By using
fully webbed
hands and feet along with
loose skin
between its limbs
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What is the function of the toucan's long bill?
To reach and cut fruit from
branches
that are too weak to support its weight
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What is the average annual rainfall in hot deserts?
250
millimeters
per year
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Why do hot deserts experience extreme temperature changes?
Due to the lack of
moisture
and cloud cover
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What is the temperature range in hot deserts from day to night?
From
45 degrees Celsius
during the day to
0 degrees Celsius
at night
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How does low rainfall affect soil fertility in hot deserts?
It
limits
the
soil's
fertility
and often leaves it
dried
out
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What type of plant growth is typical in hot deserts?
Sparse
and usually low and short
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What adaptations do mammals in hot deserts typically have?
Mammals tend to be small and
nocturnal
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Where do people typically grow crops in hot deserts?
Near natural water sources, usually in the
desert fringes
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What is a common lifestyle of indigenous people in hot deserts?
They are often
nomadic
and travel to find food and water
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What are the main adaptations of plants in hot deserts?
Small leaves to reduce water loss by
transpiration
Tap roots
that reach deep underground for water
Spines
instead of leaves to minimize water loss
Waxy skin
on leaves to reduce transpiration
Water storage
in stems, leaves, roots, or fruits
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What is the purpose of tap roots in desert plants?
To access
deep water supplies
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Why do some desert plants have spines instead of leaves?
Spines
lose less water
than leaves and
prevent animals
from
eating
the plant
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What is the function of the thick waxy skin on some desert plants' leaves?
To reduce water loss by
transpiration
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How do succulents store water?
In their
stems
, leaves,
roots
, or fruits
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What are the main adaptations of camels in hot deserts?
Long
eyelashes
and hairy ears to keep out sand
Clothing
nostrils
to prevent sand inhalation
Thick
eyebrows
to shade eyes from the sun
Wide
feet
to avoid sinking into sand
Ability to go without
food
or
water
for extended periods
Body temperature
can change to minimize water loss
Well camouflaged and thick
fur
for warmth at night
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How long can camels go without food or water?
They can go without food for
months
and without water for over a
week
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What is the advantage of a camel's wide feet in the desert?
They prevent the camel from sinking into the sand
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How do the adaptations of camels help them survive in hot deserts?
They minimize water loss and protect against
harsh conditions
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What does desertification mean?
Desertification is the
degradation
of land making it drier and less productive.
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What role do camels' thick fur play in their survival?
It helps keep them warm at night
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What fraction of the Earth is at risk of desertification?
One third
of the Earth is at risk of desertification.
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What is the process of desertification?
Vegetation dies or is removed
Exposed
soil is easily eroded by wind or water
Loss of
nutrients
makes the soil unproductive
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What are the two main causes of desertification?
The two main causes of desertification are
climate change
and
human activities
.
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How does climate change contribute to desertification?
Climate change affects
rainfall
and is expected to reduce rainfall in already dry areas.
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