Group VIA

• What is the group number of the Sulfur Family in the periodic table?

  Group VIA
• What are the key oxidation states for Oxygen and Sulfur in Group VIA?

  • Oxygen: -2, -1, 0
  • Sulfur & Higher Elements: -2, 0, +2, +4, +6
• Why is Oxygen considered highly electronegative?

  Because it is the second most electronegative element after Fluorine.
• What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?

  Oxygen
• What is the natural form of Oxygen?

  Diatomic gas (O₂)
• What are the oxidation forms of Oxygen?

  • -2 Oxidation State: Common in compounds
  • Peroxides (O₂²⁻)
  • Superoxides (O₂⁻)
• What are the methods for preparing Oxygen?

  1. Electrolysis of Water
  2. Fractional Distillation of Liquid Air
  3. Heating Compounds Containing Oxygen
• What is another name for Sulfur?

  Brimstone
• In what forms can Sulfur be found?

  As a free element or in compounds like sulfides and sulfates.
• What are the allotropic forms of Sulfur?

  • Rhombic Sulfur: Most stable form
  • Monoclinic Sulfur: Forms when heated to 96°C
  • Plastic Sulfur (Amorphous): Formed by rapidly cooling sulfur
• What is the melting point of Sulfur?

  113°C
• What happens to Sulfur when it melts?

  It melts into Mobile Sulfur, a straw-colored liquid that flows easily.
• How does Tellurium differ from Selenium?

  Tellurium shows more metallic properties than Selenium.
• What is unique about Polonium?

  It exists in radioactive isotopic forms.
• What are the identity tests for Sulfur ions (S²⁻)?

  1. H₂SO₄ (dil.) → H₂S gas (foul odor)
  2. (CH₃COO)₂Pb → Black precipitate of PbS
• What are the identity tests for Thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻)?

  1. H₂SO₄ (dil.) → SO₂ gas (burnt sulfur odor)
  2. KMnO₄ or I₂ solution → Solution is decolorized
• What are the identity tests for Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)?

  1. H₂SO₄ (dil.) → No reaction
  2. BaCl₂ → White precipitate of BaSO₄ (insoluble in all acids)
  3. (CH₃COO)₂Pb → White precipitate of PbSO₄ (soluble in NH₄C₂H₃O₂)
• What are the identity tests for Sulfite (SO₃²⁻)?

  1. H₂SO₄ (dil.) → SO₂ gas with reprecipitation of sulfur
  2. KMnO₄ or I₂ solution → Solution is decolorized
• Group VIA Elements:

  Oxygen

  Selenium

  Polonium

  Sulfur

  Tellurium