Industrialization

• Which region had a better railroad system, the North or the South?

  The North
• Which group of workers was more prevalent on the West Coast railroads?

  Chinese workers
• Why were the border states easier for building railroads?

  They had flat lands
• Who were the Big Four Railroad Magnates?

  • Charles Crocker
  • Collin’s Huntington
  • Mark Hopkins
  • Leland Stanford
• What is the name of the railroad associated with rich people?

  Central Pacific Railroad
• Who was associated with the Union Pacific Railroad?

  Thomas Durant
• What did the completion of the "Transcontinental railroad" signify?

  It completed the manifest destiny of connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
• Where did the first transcontinental railroad meet?

  Promontory Point, Utah
• What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?

  To allow purchase of land for $10
• How many acres of land could be purchased under the Homestead Act?

  160 acres
• What was required to improve upon the land purchased under the Homestead Act?

  Five years of improvement
• What environmental condition did the West side depend on for farming?

  Rain
• What was referred to as the "Great American desert"?

  The West side's harsh farming conditions
• What caused many homesteads to fail?

  Harsh climate and land conditions
• Who proposed the "frontier thesis"?

  Fredrick Jackson Turner
• What does the "frontier thesis" suggest about American society?

  It ties the spirit and success of the US to westward expansion
• How did the rugged American identity develop according to the frontier thesis?

  Through the settlement and taming of the wilderness
• What new type of citizen emerged from westward expansion?

  One who could tame the wild and gained strength and individuality
• Who were some famous gunslingers of the American West?

  • Jesse James
  • Billy the Kid
• Who were the primary gold miners in California?

  Gold miners, especially Chinese
• Why did many Chinese miners come to America?

  Due to famine and flooding in southern China
• What happened to many mining towns after the mining was done?

  They became ghost towns
• What was the role of barbed wire in the cattle industry?

  • Cheapest way to fence property
  • Invented by Joseph Glidden
  • Ended open range for livestock
• What were the range wars about?

  Conflicts between sheep herders and cattle ranchers over grass supply
• What was the primary responsibility of cowboys?

  Mending cows
• Were there black cowboys in the American West?

  Yes
• How did railroads impact the jobs of cowboys?

  They caused the downfall of cowboy jobs
• What minority groups were present in the American West?

  • Chinese
  • Japanese
  • American Indians
• Who were the "Exodusters"?

  Black settlers who moved to the West
• What were "Buffalo Soldiers"?

  Black soldiers on The Great Plains
• What was the "Chinese Question" in the context of American history?

  Concerns about Chinese immigrants taking jobs and cultural differences
• What was the Exclusion Act of 1882?

  It restricted Chinese immigration
• What was another name for the Chinese Exclusion Act?

  Oriental Exclusion Act
• What racial term was used for Asians during this period?

  Mongols
• What were the Tong Wars?

  Conflicts among Chinese immigrant groups in San Francisco
• When did the Tong Wars begin?

  In the 1850s
• Who was Colonel John Chivington?

  A figure associated with the Sand Creek Massacre
• What does the term "scalping" refer to in this context?

  The act of removing the scalp from a Native American
• What does the term "Redskin" refer to?

  A derogatory term for Native Americans
• How did the actions of settlers contribute to the violence against Native Americans?

  Settlers initiated scalping and violence against Native Americans