Taking pulses and calculating blood flows

• What is the primary function of the circulatory system in humans?

  To transport substances
• What are the key components of the circulatory system?

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
• What is the simplest way to check heart rate?

  Measure your pulse
• Where can a pulse be felt in the body?

  In locations where an artery passes over a solid structure, such as bone
• How is pulse rate expressed?

  In beats per minute
• What happens to pulse rates during and after exercise?

  They increase as more oxygen must be provided to the muscles
• What is cardiac output?

  The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
• How is cardiac output calculated?

  Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
• What is the formula for calculating cardiac output in cm³ per minute?

  Cardiac output in cm³ per minute = heart rate in beats per minute × stroke volume in cm³ per beat
• If a person has a resting heart rate of 70 beats per minute and a resting stroke volume of 75 cm³, what is their cardiac output?

  5250 cm³ per minute
• What is the cardiac output for an athlete with a maximum heart rate of 130 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 150 cm³?

  19.5 dm³ per minute
• How do you convert cardiac output from cm³ to dm³?

  By dividing the value in cm³ by 1000
• What are the key factors that can increase cardiac output?

  • Increase in heart rate
  • Increase in stroke volume
• What are the roles of MRI in measuring blood flow?

  • Uses magnetic fields and radio waves
  • Non-invasive imaging technique
  • Provides detailed images of blood flow