Response to exercise

• What is the primary purpose of respiration in organisms?

  To release energy to fuel their living processes
• What are the two types of respiration mentioned?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What does aerobic respiration use to produce energy?

  Glucose and oxygen
• What does anaerobic respiration use to produce energy?

  Only glucose
• What happens to muscles during exercise regarding energy needs?

  • Muscles need additional energy to contract.
  • Breathing rate and volume increase to supply more oxygen.
  • Heart rate increases to supply extra oxygen to muscles.
• What occurs if insufficient oxygen is available to the muscles during vigorous exercise?

  Muscles begin to respire anaerobically
• What is produced from glucose during anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid
• How does anaerobic respiration affect muscle efficiency?

  Muscles continue to contract but less efficiently
• What happens to lactic acid levels during long periods of vigorous activity?

  • Lactic acid levels build up in the muscles.
  • This leads to muscle fatigue.
• What do animals store glucose as in their liver and muscle tissues?

  Glycogen
• What happens to glycogen reserves during vigorous exercise?

  Glycogen reserves in the muscles become low
• What is oxygen debt?

  The amount of extra oxygen required by the body for recovery after vigorous exercise
• What happens as body stores of glycogen become low?

  The person suffers from muscle fatigue
• What are the effects of lactic acid build-up in muscles?

  • Causes muscle fatigue
  • Reduces muscle efficiency