Plant disease

• What is tobacco mosaic virus also known as?

  TMV
• What types of plants can be infected by tobacco mosaic virus?

  A number of different plant species, including tomatoes
• What effect does tobacco mosaic virus have on the leaves of plants?

  It causes the leaves to discolor in a mosaic pattern
• How does the discoloration caused by tobacco mosaic virus affect the plant's growth?

  It reduces the rate of photosynthesis, leading to reduced growth
• What causes rose black spot?

  A fungus
• What symptoms does rose black spot cause on the leaves?

  It causes the leaves to develop purple or black spots
• What happens to the leaves after they develop spots due to rose black spot?

  The leaves often turn yellow and fall off
• How does rose black spot affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  It causes the rate of photosynthesis to fall, reducing growth
• What are the two ways to treat rose black spot?

  Spraying with fungicides and removing infected leaves
• What are fungicides used for?

  To kill fungi
• What should be done with infected leaves of plants suffering from rose black spot?

  They should be removed and destroyed
• What are the causes and symptoms of the viral disease tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?

  • Causes discoloration in leaves in a mosaic pattern
  • Reduces the rate of photosynthesis
  • Leads to reduced growth
• What are the causes and symptoms of the fungal disease rose black spot?

  • Causes purple or black spots on leaves
  • Leaves turn yellow and fall off
  • Reduces the rate of photosynthesis
  • Leads to reduced growth
• What are the methods to treat rose black spot effectively?

  1. Spray with fungicides to kill fungi
  2. Remove and destroy infected leaves
• What fungus causes Rose black spot?

  A fungus
• Why are insects not considered pathogens?

  Insects do not cause infectious diseases.
• What do aphids extract from plants?

  Aphids extract nutrients such as sugars from the plant.
• What are some symptoms of plant diseases?

  Discoloration spots on leaves, stunted growth, decay, and malformed stems or leaves.
• What are the three ways to identify plant diseases?

  Using a garden manual or website, taking the plant to a lab, or using testing kits with monoclonal antibodies.
• What are plant ion deficiency diseases?

  Diseases not caused by pathogens but by a lack of essential ions.
• What is the effect of a lack of nitrate ions in plants?

  It causes stunted growth because nitrate is needed for protein synthesis.
• What condition does a lack of magnesium ions cause in plants?

  Chlorosis, because magnesium is required to make chlorophyll.
• What happens to leaves when they lack magnesium?

  The leaves lose their green coloration.
• What are the key symptoms to look for when diagnosing plant diseases?

  • Insects such as aphids
  • Discoloration spots on leaves
  • Stunted growth
  • Decay or rot
  • Malformed stems or leaves
• What are the steps to diagnose plant diseases?

  1. Use a garden manual or website
  2. Take the infected plant to a lab
  3. Use testing kits with monoclonal antibodies
• What are the two examples of plant ion deficiency diseases discussed?

  • Lack of nitrate ion: causes stunted growth
  • Lack of magnesium ion: causes chlorosis
• Why is it important to learn about plant ion deficiency diseases for exams?

  • They often come up in exams
  • Understanding them aids in diagnosing plant health
• What are the three main defense systems that plants have against attack?

  Physical responses, chemical responses, and mechanical responses
• Why do plants need defense systems?

  To protect themselves from attacks by microorganisms, insects, and herbivores
• How does the cellulose cell wall help plants defend against attack?

  It is difficult for microorganisms to penetrate
• What is the function of the waxy cuticle on leaves?

  It protects the plant by being difficult for microorganisms to penetrate
• What role do layers of dead cells, such as bark, play in plant defense?

  They act as a barrier to entry by microorganisms
• What is the chemical response in plants?

  It involves the release of chemicals to protect against attacks
• What type of chemicals can plants release to deter herbivores?

  Poisons
• What is the mechanical defense system in plants?

  It includes physical structures that deter herbivores
• What is an example of a mechanical defense in plants?

  Thorns
• How do thorns protect plants?

  They directly prevent herbivores from eating the plant
• What effect do irritating hairs on some plants have on herbivores?

  They make the plant difficult to eat
• What happens to plants with special leaves that droop or curl when touched?

  They may scare herbivores by moving unexpectedly
• What is mimicry in plant defense?

  It is when a harmless plant resembles a harmful one to deter herbivores