human body

• What are the levels of organization in the human body?

  Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems.
• How do muscle cells relate to the digestive system?

  Muscle cells form muscle tissue, which is part of the stomach, an organ in the digestive system.
• What are the main organs of the human digestive system?

  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Rectum
• What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

  The mouth is where mechanical and chemical digestion begins, with saliva containing amylase.
• What role does the stomach play in digestion?

  The stomach produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes like protease to break down food and digest proteins.
• What is the main function of the small intestine?

  The small intestine is the main site of nutrient absorption, with walls that have villi to increase surface area.
• What does the large intestine do?

  The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food.
• What is the function of the liver in digestion?

  The liver produces bile, which emulsifies fats and is stored in the gallbladder.
• What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

  The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of food.
• What are enzymes in digestion?

  Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the digestive process.
• What is the optimal condition for enzymes to function?

  Each enzyme works best at an optimal pH and temperature.
• What does amylase do?

  Amylase breaks down starch into sugars and is found in saliva and the pancreas.
• What is the function of protease?

  Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids and is found in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
• What does lipase do?

  Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, found in the pancreas and small intestine.
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  Bile neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats.
• What are the components of the blood?

  • Red Blood Cells: Transport oxygen using hemoglobin.
  • White Blood Cells: Fight infections.
  • Platelets: Help blood clot.
  • Plasma: Liquid part that transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
• What is the structure of the heart?

  The heart has four chambers: right and left atria, right and left ventricles.
• What is the double circulatory system?

  The double circulatory system consists of pulmonary circulation (heart to lungs) and systemic circulation (heart to body).
• What are arteries and their function?

  Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and have thick, muscular walls.
• What is the function of veins?

  Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart and have thin walls with valves to prevent backflow.
• What are capillaries and their role?

  Capillaries are thin-walled vessels that allow the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients with tissues.
• What causes coronary heart disease?

  Coronary heart disease is caused by the build-up of fatty material in coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle.
• What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?

  Risk factors include smoking, high-fat diet, lack of exercise, obesity, and genetics.
• What are some treatments for coronary heart disease?

  Treatments include lifestyle changes, medications (e.g., statins), stents, and coronary bypass surgery.